HDD Encryption: Difference between revisions
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* The following information was reverse engineered from LV1, Storage Manager in LPAR1 and sb_iso_spu_module.self. | * The following information was reverse engineered from LV1, Storage Manager in LPAR1 and sb_iso_spu_module.self. | ||
* I'm able to decrypt/encrypt my PS3 HDD and VFLASH on PC now. | * I'm able to decrypt/encrypt my PS3 HDD and VFLASH on PC now. | ||
* See also | * See also [[Mounting HDD on PC]] | ||
=HDD Encryption= | =HDD Encryption= |
Revision as of 10:55, 4 July 2016
Introduction
- The following information was reverse engineered from LV1, Storage Manager in LPAR1 and sb_iso_spu_module.self.
- I'm able to decrypt/encrypt my PS3 HDD and VFLASH on PC now.
- See also Mounting HDD on PC
HDD Encryption
Slim Consoles
- XTS-AES-128 is used to encrypt all data on PS3 HDD.
- XTS is NOT CBC!!! It's AES-ECB with tweak XORing. AES-CBC is impractical for HDD encryption. Each sector can be encrypted/decrypted independantly from other HDD sectors.
- Good paper about XTS-AES: http://ntnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:347753/FULLTEXT01
- VFLASH is encrypted twice. First with ENCDEC keys and then with ATA keys.
- Tweak and data XTS keys are of size 32 bytes but only the first 16 bytes are used.
- You can set and clear ATA keys with my Linux ps3encdec device driver which i use to test HDD/VFLASH encryption. But be careful, never set/clear ATA keys while some HDD regions/partitions are mounted !!! You will corrupt your data on your HDD !!!
Phat Consoles
- On the PHAT consoles AES-CBC-192 is used for HDD encryption and AES-CBC-128 for VFLASH encryption.
- So no tweak and tweak key here. Each sector is encrypted with the same zeroed IV.
- VFLASH is encrypted once with ENCDEC key and zeroed IV!
- Data key is of size 32 bytes but only the first 24 bytes are used for HDD and 16 bytes for VFLASH.
- See also http://www.multiupload.nl/6PIFV4GKSH (contains scripts of ENCDEC emulator for both types of consoles).
Dumping ATA Keys
- I modified sb_iso_spu_module.self to dump ATA keys.
- ATA keys are passed as parameters to sb_iso_spu_module.self.
- dump_ata_keys.tar.gz: http://www.multiupload.nl/GUNWPZ0A3P
- See also http://www.ps3devwiki.com/wiki/Making_Isolated_SPU_Modules_and_Loaders
Program
My SPU program to dump ATA tweak and data XTS keys to PPU memory with spuisofs:
/* * Dump ATA keys * * Copyright (C) 2012 glevand <[email protected]> * All rights reserved. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published * by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */ .text start: ila $2, 0x3dfa0 lr $sp, $2 ila $80, 0x3e000 lr $81, $3 stqd $7, 0($80) # store upper 16bytes of ATA data key stqd $8, 0x10($80) # store lower 16bytes of ATA data key stqd $9, 0x20($80) stqd $10, 0x30($80) stqd $11, 0x40($80) # store upper 16bytes of ATA tweak key stqd $12, 0x50($80) # store lower 16bytes of ATA tweak key lr $3, $80 lr $4, $81 il $5, 0x60 il $6, 0x7 il $7, 0x20 brsl $lr, 0x10 # mfc_dma_xfer il $3, 0x7 brsl $lr, 0x28 # mfc_dma_wait stop 0x666 # our evil stop code :) /* * r3 - LSA * r4 - EA * r5 - size * r6 - tag * r7 - cmd */ mfc_dma_xfer: wrch $ch16, $3 wrch $ch17, $4 shlqbyi $4, $4, 4 wrch $ch18, $4 wrch $ch19, $5 wrch $ch20, $6 wrch $ch21, $7 bi $lr /* * r3 - tag */ mfc_dma_wait: il $2, 0 nop $127 hbra 2f, 1f wrch $ch23, $2 1: rchcnt $2, $ch23 ceqi $2, $2, 1 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 2: brz $2, 1b hbr 3f, $lr rdch $2, $ch24 il $2, 1 shl $2, $2, $3 wrch $ch22, $2 il $2, 2 wrch $ch23, $2 rdch $2, $ch24 nop $127 3: bi $lr
Result
[glevand@arch dump_ata_keys]$ ./dump_ata_keys ../dump_ata_keys.self ../eid4 spuisofs found at /mnt arg1 kernel virtual address d000000000722000 shadow: spe_execution_status 7 priv2: puint_mb_R 2 shadow: spe_execution_status b problem: spu_status_R 6660082 [glevand@arch dump_ata_keys]$ hexdump -C /mnt/arg1 ... Here are your ATA tweak and data XTS keys Data key is at offset 0x0 (32 bytes) Tweak key is at offset 0x40 (32 bytes) ...
Test
- To test your ATA XTS tweak and data keys, you need encrypted HDD sectors. You can either connect your HDD to PC and dump it or use my ps3vuart-tools on Linux and clear ATA keys and then dump it from ps3da. I tried both methods. But make sure you unmount all HDD regions before using ps3vuart-tools to clear your ATA keys. Also you could use a Linux LiveCD with ps3disk driver as module and load it with region flags 0x22 for region 0. 0x22 region flags mean that all sectors will be read undecrypted, see here http://www.ps3devwiki.com/wiki/Debian_LiveCD.
- I coded a small application which implements XTS-AES encryption/decryption. XTS-AES paper is a good reference how to implement it.
- You have to pass the correct sector number in order to get correct results.
- As you see below in my examples, i pass sector number 0 and sector 8 for VFLASH because VFLASH begins at sector 8 on HDD.
- Another interesting fact is that you have to swap half-words after encrypting and before decrypting HDD sectors else you will get wrong results. This swapping is not necessary for VFLASH sectors.
- Another note is that you have to decrypt VFLASH sectors with ATA keys first and then with ENCDEC keys.
- xts_aes.tar.gz: http://www.multiupload.nl/P0SYIYRRQF
Result with 1st encrypted sector from HDD:
glevand@debian:~/xts_aes$ cat ../hdd_1st_sector_enc.bin | \ ./xts_aes -d -k <your ATA XTS data key> -t <your ATA XTS tweak key> -s 0 -r | hexdump -C 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000010 00 00 00 00 0f ac e0 ff 00 00 00 00 de ad fa ce |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 |................| 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 |................| 00000040 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b |.p..............| 00000050 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000000c0 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 10 00 00 00 00 03 9a 8b 2d |...............-| 000000d0 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 000000e0 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 000000f0 10 20 00 00 03 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |. ..............| 00000100 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000150 00 00 00 00 03 a2 8b 45 00 00 00 00 00 3f ff f8 |.......E.....?..| 00000160 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000170 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000180 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001e0 00 00 00 00 03 e2 8b 46 00 00 00 00 19 39 ce 0c |.......F.....9..| 000001f0 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000200
Dumping ENCDEC Keys
- VFLASH is encrypted twice. First with ENCDEC keys and then with ATA keys.
- You cannot dump ENCDEC keys with sb_iso_spu_module.self. They are set in lv1ldr only (see here: http://gitorious.ps3dev.net/reversing/lv1ldr/trees/master).
- I used a modified lv1ldr with my Linux spuldrfs driver and dumped ENCDEC keys.
- XTS-AES-128 with 128bit tweak key and 128bit data key, just like ATA keys.
- ENCDEC tweak and data keys are passed to lv1ldr NOT in clear text.
- ENCDEC keys are computed by lv1ldr with AES-CBC-256 by encrypting 32byte seeds.
- metldr passes to lv1ldr AES-CBC-256 IV and key which are used to compute ENCDEC keys.
- I tested my ENCDEC keys with my ps3encdec Linux driver and set them again, and VFLASH was still working fine. As soon as i changed some bits in these keys, VFLASH could not be decrypted properly anymore :) It means keys are correct.
- dump_encdec_keys.tar.gz: http://www.multiupload.nl/5PIRW98Z5X
ENCDEC Key Seeds
- Use the dumped ENCDEC IV and key to encrypt these seeds and you will get your ENCDEC keys for VFLASH.
- You can find these seeds in lv1ldr.
Data key seed:
glevand@debian:~$ hexdump -C data1.bin 00000000 e2 d0 5d 40 71 94 5b 01 c3 6d 51 51 e8 8c b8 33 |..]@q.[..mQQ...3| 00000010 4a aa 29 80 81 d8 c4 4f 18 5d c6 60 ed 57 56 86 |J.)....O.].`.WV.| 00000020
Tweak key seed:
glevand@debian:~$ hexdump -C data2.bin 00000000 02 08 32 92 c3 05 d5 38 bc 50 e6 99 71 0c 0a 3e |..2....8.P..q..>| 00000010 55 f5 1c ba a5 35 a3 80 30 b6 7f 79 c9 05 bd a3 |U....5..0..y....| 00000020
Program
Here is my SPU program which i used to dump ENCDEC keys:
/* * Dump ENCDEC keys * * Copyright (C) 2012 glevand <[email protected]> * All rights reserved. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published * by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */ .text start: ila $2, 0x3dfa0 lr $sp, $2 ila $3, 0x666 wrch $ch30, $3 # wait until we get message from PPU 1: brsl $lr, 0x54 # in_mbox_count brz $3, 1b brsl $lr, 0x54 # in_mbox_read ila $80, 0x3e000 lqd $81, 0($80) # load PPU EA ila $82, 0x0 lqd $83, 0($82) stqd $83, 0($80) # store upper 16bytes of ENCDEC key lqd $83, 0x10($82) stqd $83, 0x10($80) # store lower 16bytes of ENCDEC key lqd $83, 0x20($82) stqd $83, 0x20($80) # store ENCDEC IV lr $3, $80 lr $4, $81 il $5, 0x30 il $6, 0x7 il $7, 0x20 brsl $lr, 0x20 # mfc_dma_xfer il $3, 0x7 brsl $lr, 0x38 # mfc_dma_wait stop 0x666 # our evil stop code :) /* * no input parameters */ in_mbox_count: rchcnt $3, $ch29 bi $lr /* * no input parameters */ in_mbox_read: rdch $3, $ch29 bi $lr /* * r3 - LSA * r4 - EA * r5 - size * r6 - tag * r7 - cmd */ mfc_dma_xfer: wrch $ch16, $3 wrch $ch17, $4 shlqbyi $4, $4, 4 wrch $ch18, $4 wrch $ch19, $5 wrch $ch20, $6 wrch $ch21, $7 bi $lr /* * r3 - tag */ mfc_dma_wait: il $2, 0 nop $127 hbra 2f, 1f wrch $ch23, $2 1: rchcnt $2, $ch23 ceqi $2, $2, 1 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 nop $127 2: brz $2, 1b hbr 3f, $lr rdch $2, $ch24 il $2, 1 shl $2, $2, $3 wrch $ch22, $2 il $2, 2 wrch $ch23, $2 rdch $2, $ch24 nop $127 3: bi $lr
Result
- Test run with spuldrfs on Linux 3.5.1
glevand@debian:~/dump_encdec_keys$ ./dump_encdec_keys ../ps3/metldr ../dump_encdec_keys.self spuldrfs found at /mnt buf1 kernel virtual address d000000004311000 buf2 kernel virtual address d000000004412000 priv2: puint_mb_R 1 problem: pu_mb_R 1 priv2: puint_mb_R 666 problem: spu_status_R 2 glevand@debian:~/dump_encdec_keys$ hexdump -C /mnt/buf2 ... Here are your ENCDEC keys ENCDEC keys key is at offset 0x0 (32 bytes) ENCDEC keys IV is at offset 0x20 (16 bytes) ...
Test
- To test your ENCDEC XTS tweak and data keys, you need encrypted VFLASH sectors. You can dump it from ps3da starting with sector 8.
- You have to pass the correct sector number in order to get correct results.
- As you see below in my examples, i pass sector 8 for VFLASH because VFLASH begins at sector 8 on HDD.
- The input sector was already decrypted with ATA keys.
Result with 1st encrypted sector from VFLASH:
glevand@debian:~/xts_aes$ cat ../vflash_1st_sector_enc.bin | \ ./xts_aes -d -k <your ENCDEC data key> -t <your ENCDEC tweak key> -s 8 | hexdump -C 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000010 00 00 00 00 0f ac e0 ff 00 00 00 00 de ad fa ce |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 |................| 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 75 f8 |..............u.| 00000040 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000050 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000000c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 78 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 3e 00 |......x.......>.| 000000d0 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 000000e0 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 000000f0 10 20 00 00 03 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 |. ..............| 00000100 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000150 00 00 00 00 00 06 b6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 |................| 00000160 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000170 10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000180 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 07 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 |......6.........| 000001f0 10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 |.p..............| 00000200