Resource Container (RCO)

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Description

The file extension in PSP and PS3 is RCO that seems to be the acronym of Resource Container Objet

The file signature (aka magic number) from PSP (in little endian) is PRF that seems to be the acronym of Playstation Resource File

RCO contents are loaded by other firmware functions as XMBML setting files, and XMB modules (also known as .sprx plugins), see Plugin Interfaces and VSH

Contents

Text for all languages, textures, sounds (for cursor navigation, trophy unlocking, etc...) and models

RCO format Embedded code Text Textures Sounds Models Script
Generic RCOXML utf8, utf16, utf32 gim, png, jpg, tif, gif, bmp vag, unknown0x0 gmo PlayStation JavaScript
PS3 specific RCOXML utf16 gim, png, jpg vag n/a n/a

Versions

RCO version Firmware Release date RCO format specifications
Toc trees Toc compression Other Notes
0x55 PSP icon 0.6.5 pre-retail 9 uncompressed archaic rco format, header is 16 bytes smaller
0x70 PSP icon 1.00 2004 / 12 / 12 10 uncompressed
0x71 PSP icon 1.50~2.50 2005 / 3 / 24 10 uncompressed normal toc up to this version
0x90 PSP icon 2.60 2005 / 11 / 29 10 zlib compressed toc implemented
0x95 PSP icon 2.70~2.71 2006 / 4 / 25 10 rlz compressed toc implemented
0x96 PSP icon 2.80~3.40 2006 / 7 / 27 10 the toc seems to be compressed in parts
0x97 PS3 icon 1.00~1.54 2006 / 11 / 11 10
0x100 PSP icon 3.50~6.61 2007 / 5 / 31 10
0x102 PS3 icon 1.60~1.70 2007 / 3 / 22 10
0x104 PS3 icon 1.80~1.82 2007 / 5 / 24 10
0x105 PS3 icon 1.90~1.94 2007 / 7 / 24 10
0x106 PS3 icon 2.00~2.17 2007 / 11 / 8 10
0x107 PS3 icon 2.20~2.80 2008 / 3 / 25 10
0x108 PS3 icon 3.00~3.01 2009 / 9 / 1 10
0x110 PS3 icon 3.10~3.74 2009 / 11 / 19 10
0x120 PS3 icon 4.00~4.25 2011 / 11 / 29 10
0x130 PS3 icon 4.30~4.76 2012 / 10 / 24 10

RCO Structure

Based on RCO File Format (outdated) and rcomage source

Header

Offset Length Example Name Notes
0x00 0x04 46 52 50 00 prf_signature In PS3 is "FRP" (big endian). In PSP is "PRF" (little endian)
0x04 0x04 00 00 00 97 prf_version named minFirmwareVer in Rcomage, see Discussion page
0x08 0x04 00 00 00 00 prf_unknown
0x0C 0x04 00 00 00 00 prf_compression 0x00=uncompressed, 0x10=ZLIB, 0x20=RLZ
It can be combined with UMDflag, see Discussion page
0x10 0x04 00 00 00 A4 toc_maintree_absolute_offset
0x14 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_scripttree_absolute_offset
0x18 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_languagetree_absolute_offset
0x1C 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_soundtree_absolute_offset
0x20 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_modeltree_absolute_offset
0x24 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_imagetree_absolute_offset
0x28 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_unknowntree
0x2C 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_fonttree_absolute_offset
0x30 0x04 00 00 00 CC toc_objecttree_absolute_offset
0x34 0x04 FF FF FF FF toc_animationtree_absolute_offset
0x38 0x04 00 00 01 D4 str_language_table_absolute_offset
0x3C 0x04 00 00 00 00 str_language_table_length
0x40 0x04 00 00 01 D4 str_label_table_absolute_offset
0x44 0x04 00 00 00 1C str_label_table_length
0x48 0x04 00 00 01 F0 str_event_table_absolute_offset
0x4C 0x04 00 00 00 04 str_event_table_length
0x50 0x04 FF FF FF FF ptr_language_table_absolute_offset
0x54 0x04 00 00 00 00 ptr_language_table_length
0x58 0x04 FF FF FF FF ptr_image_table_absolute_offset
0x5C 0x04 00 00 00 00 ptr_image_table_length
0x60 0x04 FF FF FF FF ptr_model_table_absolute_offset
0x64 0x04 00 00 00 00 ptr_model_table_length
0x68 0x04 FF FF FF FF ptr_sound_table_absolute_offset
0x6C 0x04 00 00 00 00 ptr_sound_table_length
0x70 0x04 00 00 01 CC ptr_object_table_absolute_offset
0x74 0x04 00 00 00 08 ptr_object_table_length
0x78 0x04 FF FF FF FF ptr_animation_table_absolute_offset
0x7C 0x04 00 00 00 00 ptr_animation_table_length
0x80 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_image_table_absolute_offset
0x84 0x04 00 00 00 00 dat_image_table_length
0x88 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_sound_table_absolute_offset
0x8C 0x04 00 00 00 00 dat_sound_table_length
0x90 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_model_table_absolute_offset
0x94 0x04 00 00 00 00 dat_model_table_length
0x98 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_unknown_1
0x9C 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_unknown_2
0xA0 0x04 FF FF FF FF dat_unknown_3

TOC

The TOC (table of contents) works as an index of all the .RCO contents, is composed by entries that follows a hierarchy of parent/children/brothers, it can be represented as an .XML file composed by elements and its attributes (see RCOXML Coding)

This .XML file that represents the RCO contents is also known as an RCOXML and is the main file generated by rcomage when extracting the contents of a .RCO. Contains all the needed info from the original .RCO file plus some more needed to rebuild the .RCO file accuratelly keeping the original settings

Every entry starts with an area of 0x28 length that represents an XML element, it specifyes the entry_type and a label identifyer for this entry (optional) plus some info related with the TOC internal structure and its hierarchy relationship with other entries

RCO TOC entry common area
[edit]
Offset Length Type Name PSP icon PS3 icon Example (TOC) Example (XML) Notes
0x00 0x04 int entry_type Yes Yes 01 01 / 00 00 <Element name="label"/> entry_type[2], padding[2]
0x04 0x04 int entry_label_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 label_string_table_offset[4] (optional)
0x08 0x04 int attributes_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 represents XML hierarchy Attributes offset relative to the start of this entry (optional)
0x0C 0x04 int children_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 28 First children offset relative to the start of this entry (optional)
0x10 0x04 int children_number Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 Number of subentries
0x14 0x04 int next_sibling_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 Next sibling offset relative to the start of this entry (optional)
0x18 0x04 int prev_sibling_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 Previous sibling offset relative to the start of this entry (optional)
0x1C 0x04 int parent_offset Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 This entry offset relative to the start of the parent entry
0x20 0x08 unk toc_entry_unk Yes Yes 00 00 00 00 .. . no XML representation Unknown

After the common area (at entry relative offset 0x28) appears the attributes, the attributes are different for every entry_type and are explained in detail in other wiki pages, see the links in the table below

An special mention is needed to the RCOXML Objects (entry_types starting with 0x08) and RCOXML Animations (entry_types starting with 0x09) where the attributes can be grouped in standard attributes (used by most entryes of this type) and specific attributes (different for every entry_type). The standard attributes are always located before the specific attributes

RCO TOC entry types
[edit]
Second byte
0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F
First byte 0x01 unk MainTree
0x02 ScriptTree
0x03 TextTree Text
0x04 ImageTree Image
0x05 ModelTree Model
0x06 SoundTree Sound
0x07 FontTree Font
0x08 ObjectTree Page Plane Button XMenu XMList XList Progress Scroll MList MItem unk XItem Text ModelObject Spin Action ItemSpin Group LList LItem Edit Clock IList IItem Icon UButton unk CheckboxGroup CheckboxItem Meter EditBox
0x09 AnimTree Anim MoveTo Recolour Rotate Resize Fade Delay FireEvent Lock Unlock SlideOut
Supported by PSP icon and PS3 icon Supported by PS3 icon only
  • The entry_types with the suffix Tree (as example MainTree) are special and doesnt uses attributes, MainTree is always located as the first entry, doesn't have a parent, and doesn't have any previous or next "sibling", the maximun number posible of childrens for MainTree is 8 (containing all the other "trees"). The other "trees" (as example imageTree or soundTree) are siblings and are the childrens of "MainTree", Every one of those "trees" contains a variable number of entry_types that are its childrens
  • The attributes of the RCOXML Objects (entry_types starting with 0x08) and RCOXML Animations (entry_types starting with 0x09) can be grouped in standard attributes (used by most entryes of this type) and specific attributes (different for every entry_type). The standard attributes are always located before the specific attributes
  • First two bytes are swapped based on architecture (PSP in little endian, PS3 in big endian). The table shows the values in big endian


Some of the attributes are a reference to load other entry, are composed by two values, the first specifyes the reference_type and the second is a pointer to a text string that contains the tree location and the label of the other entry that will be loaded

RCO TOC reference types
[edit]
reference_type pointer Method Loader Loads From Example (XML) Notes
0xFFFF0000 0xFFFFFFFF n/a All Nothing None <Entry reference="nothing"/>
0x04000000 relative event: RCOXML Objects
RCOXML Animations		 Code function Associated .SPRX <Entry event="event:native:/runFuctionX"/>
ScriptTree/Script File inside RCO <Entry event="event:script:/main/runFuctionX"/>
0x04010000 # (0-based) text: RCOXML Objects
XMBML Code		 TextTree/Text Strings inside RCO <Entry text="text:msg_mytext"/>
0x04020000 absolute image: RCOXML Objects
XMBML Code		 ImageTree/Image File inside RCO <Entry image="image:tex_mytexture"/>
0x04030000 absolute model: RCOXML Objects ModelTree/Model File inside RCO <Entry model="model:mymodel"/>
0x04040000 absolute ? sound: ? associated .SPRX SoundTree/Sound File inside RCO <Entry sound="sound:mysound"/> ? speculation
0x04050000 absolute font: RCOXML Objects FontTree/Font File inside RCO ? <Entry font="font:fontstyle_sanserif"/>
0x04060000 absolute ? anim2: ? RCOXML Objects ? AnimTree/Animation ? RCOXML code ? <Entry anim2="anim2:myanimation"/> ? speculation
0x04070000 absolute object2: RCOXML Objects ObjectTree/Object RCOXML code <Entry object2="object2:plane_myplane"/>
0x04080000 absolute anim: RCOXML Animations AnimTree/Animation RCOXML code <Entry anim="anim:myanimation"/>
0x04090000 absolute object: RCOXML Animations ObjectTree/Object RCOXML code <Entry object="object:plane_myplane"/>
  • A reference attribute is composed by two values, the first is the reference_type that indicates the "tree" of the entry that is going to be loaded, and the second is a pointer to a text string with the label of the entry that is going to be loaded
  • The reference_type event doesnt loads an entry from a "tree" though, it runs a code function from either a .sprx (by storing the text native:/ as part of the text string inside the RCO) or from a VSMX script (by storing the text script:/ as part of the text string inside the RCO)
  • First two bytes are swapped based on architecture (PSP in little endian, PS3 in big endian). The table shows the values in big endian


  • (0x1) MainTree

Main tree doesnt uses specific attributes, only uses the default ones explained above that indicates his position at top of the RCOXML Structure hierarchy and gives it a "label" name

  • (0x2) Script

This is named "ScriptTree" for simplification purposes, but is not actually a tree, only one VSMX file can be stored inside an RCO

Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x04 file_offset VSMX file offset, relative to the start offset of the vsmx data table (always 0)
0x04 0x04 file_size VSMX file length
  • (0x3) Text

"TextTree" could be renamed to LanguageTree, is more intuitive, the point is every entry here is the "parent" of several string texts, but the entry itself is not a text (is the parent of a group of texts), so is better to use a name more abstract like "LanguageTree"

For a Language first are specified the language_id and the number of "children" text strings

Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x02 language_id 0x00=Japanese
0x01=English (United States)
0x02=French
0x03=Spanish (Spain)
0x04=German
0x05=Italian
0x06=Dutch
0x07=Portuguese (Portugal)
0x08=Russian
0x09=Korean
0x0A=Chinese (Traditional)
0x0B=Chinese (Simplified)
0x0C=Finnish
0x0D=Swedish
0x0E=Danish
0x0F=Norwegian
0x10=Polish
0x11=Portuguese (Brazil)
0x12=English (United Kingdom)
0x13=Turkish
0x02 0x02 strings_format 0x00=UTF8
0x01=UTF16
0x02=UTF32
0x04 0x04 strings_number number of text strings for this language_id

Now for every strings_number are repeated 12 bytes to define every string that are references to other tables

Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x04 label_offset Offset to label, relative of the label table
0x04 0x04 string_length Length of the text
0x08 0x04 string_offset Offset of the text, relative to the text data start address
  • (0x4) Image

The values marked in red are optional, the presence of the unknown specific for PS3 can be deduced based on the "rco version" in the rco header, only exists in PS3 RCO's (PSP doesnt uses it). See rcomage talk page. The presence of the other optional value file_uncompressed_size can be deduced by reading the entry itself

The file_compression feature adds a compression layer over the file format (pointless for image formats that are nativelly compressed like GIM or JPG)

Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x02 file_format 0x0=PNG
0x1=JPEG
0x2=TIFF
0x3=GIF
0x4=BMP
0x5=GIM
0x02 0x02 file_compression 0x0=NONE
0x1=ZLIB
0x2=RLZ
0x04 0x04 file_size either compressed or uncompressed, this is the final size of the file stored inside the rco
0x08 0x04 file_offset
0x0C 0x04 unknown PS3 RCOs seem to have this extra value - probably something to do with planes/frames?? usually 0x1
0x10 0x04 file_uncompressed_size Optional. Doesn't exist if file_compression = NONE, for PSP is located 4 bytes before because the previous value doesn't exists
  • (0x5) Model

ModelTree uses the same values than ImageTree with a couple of differences, the table is repeated here for comparison purposes

The presence of the unknown (specific for PS3) is completlly speculative because never has been found a GMO file used on PS3 official firmware, is not even known if PS3 firmware has some function able to manage GMO files

Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x02 file_format 0x0=GMO
0x02 0x02 file_compression 0x0=NONE
0x1=ZLIB
0x2=RLZ
0x04 0x04 file_size either compressed or uncompressed, this is the final size of the file stored inside the rco
0x08 0x04 file_offset Offset of data relative to the beginning of the image data section
0x0C 0x04 unknown PS3 RCOs seem to have this extra value - probably something to do with planes/frames?? usually 0x1
0x10 0x04 file_uncompressed_size Optional. Doesn't exist if file_compression = NONE, for PSP is located 4 bytes before because the previous value doesn't exists
  • (0x6) Sound
Offset Length Name Example Notes
0x00 0x02 file_format 0x0=unknown (SEQ ?)
0x1=VAG
0x02 0x02 audio_channels 0x1=MONO
0x2=STEREO
0x04 0x04 file_size either one or two channels, this is the final size of the file stored inside the rco
0x08 0x04 file_offset Offset of the sound data to the beginning of the sound data section
0x0C 0x04 left_channel_size This is the size of left channel file
0x10 0x04 left_channel_offset Offset of left channel VAG to the beginning of the sound data section
0x0C 0x04 right_channel_size Optional. Only exists if audio_channels = STEREO
0x10 0x04 right_channel_offset Optional. Only exists if audio_channels = STEREO
  • (0x7) Font
  • (0x8) Object
  • (0x9) Animation

Pointer tables

String tables

Data tables

RCO compression methods

When the TOC table is compressed at beginning there are 3 values related with the compression (otherway if the table is not compressed this 3 values doesnt exists)

Offset Length Name Example Notes Speculation
0x00 0x04 lenPacked Packed size of all the table sections
0x04 0x04 lenUnpacked Unpacked size of all the table sections
0x08 0x04 lenLongestText length of the longest language's text data (unpacked)
if the compressed area doesn't contains any language text the value is 0


SCE File Types
Certified File
NPDRM
NPDRM · App Types · ACT.DAT · RIF
PKG
EDAT
RCOXML
CXML
XMBML
XMB Config
DB Config
Databases
System Data
XMB Preload
Licences
 ·
Games/Apps
PS3
Emulators
Web
Unsorted
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