PUP
PUP (Playstation Update Package) is the file format of the PSP, PS3, PSVita, PS4, and PS5 system software update packages. It contains updated firmware and files for devices such as the GameOS, Syscon, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Communication Processor, Southbridge, Bluray Drive, and more.
PUP Structure
PS4 update files differ from previous PlayStation consoles in that they embed multiple PUP fragments. The "main" file that is distributed and downloaded to the PS4 console is a SLB2-packed (or "BLS") file which contains PUP fragment files. On retail and TestKit, it typically contains two PUPs (`PS4UPDATE1.PUP` and `PS4UPDATE2.PUP`), while DevKit may have four. These PS4 PUP files are similar in structure to PS4 Signed ELFs (SELFs). Each PUP fragment is responsible for containing different sets of files.
- PS4UPDATE1 is the "core" update file and contains updates for GameOS/x86 kernel and usermode, Bluray Drive, EAP, EMC, Syscon, SAM, and other firmware stored on the SPI flash.
- PS4UPDATE2 contains the `system_ex` partition of system applications.
- PS4UPDATE3 (DevKit only) contains the preinstall image for DevKit.
- PS4UPDATE4 (DevKit only) contains a seemingly empty preinstall part 2 image for DevKit (maybe reserved?).
All PUP fragments contain the end-user license agreement, the Orbis Software Updater (orbis_swu), and a watermark.
File Header
The file header for the main PUP file is an SLB2 file. Each PUP fragment packed into it has the following header (note: after the initial 0x10 bytes, the remaining 0x10 bytes are encrypted along with the metadata that follows it).
struct ScePupHeader {
uint32_t magic; // 0x00 - PS4PUPMAGIC "\x4F\x15\x3D\x1D"
uint16_t version; // 0x04 - Big Endian (??)
uint16_t unknown_one; // 0x06
uint16_t unknown_two; // 0x08
uint16_t flags; // 0x0A
uint16_t header_size; // 0x0C
uint16_t metadata_size; // 0x0E
// From this point on, the header is encrypted...
uint16_t file_size; // 0x10
uint16_t segment_count; // 0x18
uint16_t metadata_entries; // 0x1A
uint32_t unknown_three; // 0x1C
}; // Size: 0x20
Segments
From this point on, the remaining structures are encrypted in raw update files (though this section can be seen by using the system as an oracle to decrypt PUPs). Following the header is the segment table, which has segment entries that contain information about update entries (a list of which can be found in the "Indices" section).
struct ScePupSegmentHeader {
uint64_t flags; // 0x00
uint64_t offset; // 0x08
uint64_t compressed_size; // 0x10
uint64_t uncompressed_size; // 0x18
}; // Size: 0x20
While offset, compressed_size, and uncompressed_size fields are self-explanatory, the flags field packs a lot of information. Below are known flags:
#define PUP_SEGMENT_ID(x) (x->flags >> 20)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_INFO(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 0)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_ENCRYPTED(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 1)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_SIGNED(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 2)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_COMPRESSED(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 3)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_HAS_BLOCKS(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 11)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_HAS_DIGESTS(x) ((x->flags & (1 << 16)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_BLOCK_SIZE(x) (1 << (((x->flags >> 12) & 0xF) + PAGE_SHIFT)) // Note: PAGE_SHIFT = 0xC
In most cases (ie. "data" segments as opposed to info segments), the segment ID indicates the type of firmware or file to update (see #Indices table). In the case of info segments, the segment ID points to the index of the "data" segment it contains information for. Info segments are typically only seen when the file or firmware utilizes block-based segments.
PUP Info
After the segment table is a section that has additional information on the PUP, such as its target firmware and various flags.
struct ScePupInfo {
uint32_t fw_ver; // 0x00 - Firmware version in integer format (ie. FW 9.50 is 0x95080000000)
char unknown_one[0x14]; // 0x04
uint32_t type; // 0x18 - Beta/Retail/Testkit/Devkit/Proto
char unknown_two[0x4]; // 0x1C
uint32_t flags; // 0x20
uint32_t req_fw_ver; // 0x24
char unknown_three[0x8]; // 0x28
}
Metadata
Following the info structure is the metadata table. These entries contain crypto material such as intermediate keys for decrypting and verifying segments. Each segment should have a metadata table entry.
struct ScePupMetadataEntry {
char aes128_key[0x10]; // 0x00 - AES128 data decryption key
char aes128_iv[0x10]; // 0x10 - AES128 data decryption initialization vector
char digest[0x20]; // 0x20 - SHA256 digest
char digest_key[0x10]; // 0x40 - SHA256 digest HMAC key
}; // Size: 0x50
Unpacking Notes
- Encryption is applied on segments post-compression.
- Non-blocked segments are a straight copy or decompression operation.
- Processing blocked segments requires looking up the accompanying info segments and parsing the block tables within them.
- Large disk images and most SLB2/BLS files will be block-based.
Tools
Decrypter (first step)
- PS5 PUP decryptor based on the one for PS4 (2022-10-14 to 2024-05-25)
- PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by EchoStretch (2024-06-07)
- PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by andy-man (2024-04-07)
- PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by Creeger (2024-02-20)
- PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by SocraticBliss and l0lhax (2019-05-28)
- ps4-pup_decrypt by idc (2016-06-05 to 2017-11-24)
Unpacker (second step)
- PupFileUnpacker by seregonwar (2023-04-08 to 2024-09-30) (based on ps4_dec_pup_info by SocraticBliss)
- ps4_dec_pup_info by SocraticBliss (2020-09-23)
- ps4-pup-unpacker by Zer0xFF (2017-11-24 to 2018-01-14) (based on ps4-pup-unpack by idc)
- ps4-pup-unpack by idc (2016-06-05 to 2017-12-12)
Indices
| Index | Decimal | Description | Perconsole? | Notes | Added | Deprecated? | Cipher Note | Component Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Aeolia 1st Revision | 0.910.040 | Yes , since 2.00 | Same body as 0x0D | ?? |
| 2 | 2 | EAP KBL | No | sflash0s0x33 Aeolia 1st Revision | 0.910.040 | Yes , since 2.00 | Same body as 0x0E | ?? |
| 3 | 3 | WIFI FW | No | torus2 Aeolia A2 | 0.910.040 | -- | ||
| 4 | 4 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 1st SOCUID | 0.910.040 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x23 | CXD90026G | |
| 5 | 5 | COREOS | No | secure_modules | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 6 | 6 | SYSTEM | No | system fs (FAT32/TEXFAT later) | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 7 | 7 | EAP KERNEL | No | da0x2 | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 8 | 8 | EAP VSH | No | eap_vsh fs (FAT16) | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 9 | 9 | PREINST | No | preinst fs (FAT32) | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 0xA | 10 | ??? | No | sflash0s1.cryptx40 | No | ?? | ||
| 0xB | 11 | PREINST2 | No | preinst2 fs (FAT32) | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 0xC | 12 | SYSTEM_EX | No | system_ex fs (FAT32/TEXFAT later) | 0.910.040 | GEN1,2,3 Universal | ||
| 0xD | 13 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Aeolia A2 | 0.910.040 | Same body as 0x1 | CXD90025G | |
| 0xE | 14 | EAP KBL | No | sflash0s0x33 Aeolia A2 | 0.910.040 | Same body as 0x2 | CXD90025G | |
| 0xF | 15 | ??? | No | test | No | ?? | ||
| 0x10-0x16 | 16-22 | ??? | No | sbram0 | No | ?? | ||
| 0x20 | 32 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Belize 1st Revision | 2.00 | Same body as 0x2A | CXD90036G | |
| 0x21 | 33 | EAP KBL | No | sflash0s0x33 Belize 1st Revision | 2.00 | Same body as 0x2B and 0x25 | CXD90036G | |
| 0x22 | 34 | WIFI FW | No | torus2 | 2.00 | ?? | ||
| 0x23 | 35 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 2nd SOCUID | 2.00 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x04 | CXD90026AG | |
| 0x24 | 36 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Baikal B1 | 3.00 | CXD90046GG | ||
| 0x25 | 37 | EAP KBL | No | sflash0s0x33 Baikal B1 | 3.00 | Same body as 0x2B and 0x21 | CXD90046GG | |
| 0x26 | 38 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 3rd SOCUID | 3.00 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x2D and 0x32 | CXD90037G | |
| 0x27 | 39 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 4th SOCUID | 3.00 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x31 | CXD90043GB | |
| 0x28 | 40 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Baikal 1st Revision | 3.00 | Same body as 0x2C | ||
| 0x2A | 42 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Belize 2 A0 | 4.00 | Same body as 0x20 | ||
| 0x2B | 43 | EAP KBL | No | sflash0s0x33 Belize 2 A0 | 4.00 | Same body as 0x25 and 0x21 | ||
| 0x2C | 44 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Baikal2 1st Revision | 4.00 | Same body as 0x28 | ||
| 0x2D | 45 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 5th SOCUID | 4.50 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x26 and 0x32 | CXD90044GB | |
| 0x2E | 46 | EMC IPL | No | sflash0s0x32/b Belize2 3rd Revision? | 5.00 | |||
| 0x30 | 48 | WIFI FW | No | sflash0s0x38 trooper Belize 2 A0 | 5.00 | -- | ||
| 0x31 | 49 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 6th SOCUID | 5.50 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x27 | CXD90051GB | |
| 0x32 | 50 | SECURE LOADER | Yes | sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 7th SOCUID | 6.50 | (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x26 and 0x2D | CXD90055GB | |
| 0x101 | 257 | EULA.XML | No | Sony Agreement XML | 1.00 | Universal | ||
| 0x200 | 512 | ORBIS_SWU.SELF | No | Sony SoftWareUpdater (ELF) | 0.910.040 | Universal | ||
| 0x202 | 514 | ORBIS_SWU.SELF | No | Sony SoftWareUpdater (Encrypted SELF) | 0.920.030 | Universal | ||
| 0x301 | 769 | ??? | No | /update related | No | ?? | ||
| 0x302 | 770 | ??? | No | /update related | No | ?? | ||
| 0xD00 | 3328 | SYSCON FW | No | sc_fw_update0 firmware (4000XXXX) | 0.915.010 | Universal Syscon | ||
| 0xD01 | 3329 | BLURAY DRIVE FW | No | Bluray drive firmware (all revisions) (4XXR) | 0.920.030 | Universal Bluray Drive | ||
| 0xD02 | 3330 | USB SATA BRIDGE FW | No | USB SATA bridge firmware (da0) | 1.00 | MB86C311B | ||
| 0xD07 | 3335 | SYSCON PATCH | No | sc_fw_update0 patch (4001XXXX) | 2.50 Test/Retail | Universal Syscon | ||
| 0xD08 | 3336 | SYSCON FW | No | sc_fw_update0 firmware (4000XXXX) | 1.00 Devkit | Universal Syscon | ||
| 0xD09 | 3337 | COMMUNICATION PROCESSOR FW | No | cpfirm | 3.50 Devkit | Neo DevKit Component (unknown) |
