Editing PUP

PUP (Playstation Update Package) is the file format of the PSP, PS3, PSVita, PS4, and PS5 system software update packages. It contains updated firmware and files for devices such as the GameOS, Syscon, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Communication Processor, Southbridge, BD drive, and more.

== PUP Structure ==

PS4 update files differ from previous consoles in that they embed multiple PUP fragments. The "main" file that's distributed and downloaded to the console is an SLB2-packed (or "BLS") file which contains PUP fragment files. On retail and testkits, it typically contains two PUPs (`PS4UPDATE1.PUP` and `PS4UPDATE2.PUP`), while devkits may have four. These PUP files are similar in structure to Signed ELFs (SELFs). Each update fragment is responsible for containing different sets of firmware and files.

* PS4UPDATE1 is the "core" update file and contains updates for GameOS/x86 kernel and libraries, BluRay, EAP, EMC, Syscon, SAMU, and other firmware stored on the SPI flash.
* PS4UPDATE2 contains the `system_ex` partition of system apps.
* PS4UPDATE3 (devkits) contains the preinstall image for devkit files.
* PS4UPDATE4 (devkits) contains a seemingly empty preinstall part 2 image (maybe reserved?).

All update fragments contain the EULA, the Orbis Software Updater (orbis_swu), and a watermark.

=== File Header ===

The file header for the main PUP file is an SLB2 file. Each pup fragment packed into it has the following header (note: after the initial 0x10 bytes, the remaining 0x10 bytes are encrypted along with the metadata that follows it).

<source lang="c">
struct ScePupHeader {
	uint32_t magic;	                // 0x00 - PS4PUPMAGIC "\x4F\x15\x3D\x1D"
	uint16_t version;               // 0x04 - Big Endian (??)
	uint16_t unknown_one;           // 0x06
	uint16_t unknown_two;           // 0x08
	uint16_t flags;                 // 0x0A
	uint16_t header_size;           // 0x0C
	uint16_t metadata_size;         // 0x0E

	// From this point on, the header is encrypted...
	uint16_t file_size;             // 0x10
	uint16_t segment_count;         // 0x18
	uint16_t metadata_entries;      // 0x1A
	uint32_t unknown_three;         // 0x1C
}; // Size: 0x20
</source>

=== Segments ===

From this point on, the remaining structures are encrypted in raw update files (though this section can be seen by using the system as an oracle to decrypt PUPs). Following the header is the segment table, which has segment entries that contain information about update entries (a list of which can be found in the "Indices" section).

<source lang="c">
struct ScePupSegmentHeader {
	uint64_t flags;                 // 0x00
	uint64_t offset;                // 0x08
	uint64_t compressed_size;       // 0x10
	uint64_t uncompressed_size;     // 0x18
}; // Size: 0x20
</source>

While offset, compressed_size, and uncompressed_size fields are self-explanatory, the flags field packs a lot of information. Below are known flags:

<source lang="c">
#define PUP_SEGMENT_ID(x)                   (x->flags >> 20)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_INFO(x)              ((x->flags & (1 << 0)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_ENCRYPTED(x)         ((x->flags & (1 << 1)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_SIGNED(x)            ((x->flags & (1 << 2)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_IS_COMPRESSED(x)        ((x->flags & (1 << 3)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_HAS_BLOCKS(x)           ((x->flags & (1 << 11)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_HAS_DIGESTS(x)          ((x->flags & (1 << 16)) != 0)
#define PUP_SEGMENT_BLOCK_SIZE(x)           (1 << (((x->flags >> 12) & 0xF) + PAGE_SHIFT)) // Note: PAGE_SHIFT = 0xC
</source>

In most cases (ie. "data" segments as opposed to info segments), the segment ID indicates the type of firmware or file to update (see: "Indices" table). In the case of info segments, the segment ID points to the index of the "data" segment it contains information for. Info segments are typically only seen when the file or firmware utilizes block-based segments.

=== PUP Info ===

After the segment table is a section that has additional information on the PUP, such as its target firmware and various flags.

<source lang="c">
struct ScePupInfo {
	uint32_t fw_ver;                // 0x00 - Firmware version in integer format (ie. FW 9.50 is 0x95080000000)
	char unknown_one[0x14];         // 0x04
	uint32_t type;                  // 0x18 - Beta/Retail/Testkit/Devkit/Proto
	char unknown_two[0x4];          // 0x1C
	uint32_t flags;                 // 0x20
	uint32_t req_fw_ver;            // 0x24
	char unknown_three[0x8];        // 0x28
}
</source>

=== Metadata ===

Following the info structure is the metadata table. These entries contain crypto material such as intermediate keys for decrypting and verifying segments. Each segment should have a metadata table entry.

<source lang="c">
struct ScePupMetadataEntry {
	char aes128_key[0x10];          // 0x00 - AES128 data decryption key
	char aes128_iv[0x10];           // 0x10 - AES128 data decryption initialization vector
	char digest[0x20];              // 0x20 - SHA256 digest
	char digest_key[0x10];          // 0x40 - SHA256 digest HMAC key
}; // Size: 0x50
</source>

=== Unpacking Notes ===

* Encryption is applied on segments post-compression.
* Non-blocked segments are a straight copy or decompression operation.
* Processing blocked segments requires looking up the accompanying info segments and parsing the block tables within them.
* Large disk images and most SLB2/BLS files will be block-based.

== Tools ==

=== Decrypter (first step) ===

* [https://github.com/zecoxao/ps5-pup-decrypt PS5 PUP decryptor based on the one for PS4 (2022-10-14 to 2024-05-25)]
* [https://github.com/EchoStretch/ps4-pup-decrypt PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by EchoStretch (2024-06-07)]
* [https://github.com/andy-man/ps4-pup-decrypt PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by andy-man (2024-04-07)]
* [https://github.com/Creeeeger/PS4-dec PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by Creeger (2024-02-20)]
* [https://github.com/SocraticBliss/ps4-pup_decrypt PS4 PUP decryptor based on idc's by SocraticBliss and l0lhax (2019-05-28)]
* [https://github.com/idc/ps4-pup_decrypt ps4-pup_decrypt by idc (2016-06-05 to 2017-11-24)]

=== Unpacker (second step) ===

* [https://github.com/seregonwar/PFU-PupFileUnpacker PupFileUnpacker by seregonwar (2023-04-08 to 2024-09-30)] (based on ps4_dec_pup_info by SocraticBliss)
* [https://github.com/SocraticBliss/ps4_dec_pup_info ps4_dec_pup_info by SocraticBliss (2020-09-23)]
* [https://github.com/Zer0xFF/ps4-pup-unpacker ps4-pup-unpacker by Zer0xFF (2017-11-24 to 2018-01-14)] (based on ps4-pup-unpack by idc)
* [https://github.com/idc/ps4-pup_unpack ps4-pup-unpack by idc (2016-06-05 to 2017-12-12)]

== Indices ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Index !! Decimal !! Description !! Perconsole? !! Notes !! Added !! Deprecated? || Cipher Note || Component Name
|-
| 1 || 1 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Aeolia 1st Revision || [[0.910.040]] || {{yes}} , since 2.00 || Same body as 0x0D || ??
|-
| 2 || 2 || EAP KBL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x33 Aeolia 1st Revision || [[0.910.040]] || {{yes}} , since 2.00 || Same body as 0x0E || ??
|-
| 3 || 3 || WIFI FW || {{no}} || torus2 Aeolia A2 || [[0.910.040]] || || || --
|-
| 4 || 4 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 1st SOCUID || [[0.910.040]] || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x23 || [[CXD90026G]]
|-
| 5 || 5 || COREOS || {{no}} || secure_modules || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 6 || 6 || SYSTEM || {{no}} || system fs (FAT32/TEXFAT later)  || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 7 || 7 || EAP KERNEL || {{no}} || da0x2 || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 8 || 8 || EAP VSH || {{no}} || eap_vsh fs (FAT16) || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 9 || 9 || PREINST || {{no}} || preinst fs (FAT32) || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 0xA || 10 || ??? || {{no}} || sflash0s1.cryptx40 || {{no}} || || || ??
|-
| 0xB || 11 || PREINST2 || {{no}} ||  preinst2 fs (FAT32) || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 0xC || 12 || SYSTEM_EX || {{no}} || system_ex fs (FAT32/TEXFAT later) || [[0.910.040]] || || || GEN1,2,3 Universal
|-
| 0xD || 13 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Aeolia A2 || [[0.910.040]] || || Same body as 0x1 || [[CXD90025G]]
|-
| 0xE || 14 || EAP KBL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x33 Aeolia A2 || [[0.910.040]] || || Same body as 0x2 || [[CXD90025G]]
|-
| 0xF || 15 || ??? || {{no}} || test || {{no}} || || || ??
|-
| 0x10-0x16 || 16-22 || ??? || {{no}} || sbram0 || {{no}} || || || ?? 
|-
| 0x20 || 32 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Belize 1st Revision || 2.00 || || Same body as 0x2A || [[CXD90036G]]
|-
| 0x21 || 33 || EAP KBL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x33 Belize 1st Revision || 2.00 || ||  Same body as 0x2B and 0x25 || [[CXD90036G]]
|-
| 0x22 || 34 || WIFI FW || {{no}} || torus2 || 2.00 || || || ??
|-
| 0x23 || 35 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 2nd SOCUID || 2.00 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x04 || [[CXD90026AG]]
|-
| 0x24 || 36 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Baikal B1  || 3.00 || || || [[CXD90046GG]]
|-
| 0x25 || 37 || EAP KBL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x33 Baikal B1  || 3.00 || || Same body as 0x2B and 0x21 || [[CXD90046GG]]
|-
| 0x26 || 38 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 3rd SOCUID || 3.00 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x2D and 0x32 || [[CXD90037G]]
|-
| 0x27 || 39 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 4th SOCUID || 3.00 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x31 || [[CXD90043GB]]
|-
| 0x28 || 40 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Baikal 1st Revision || 3.00 || || Same body as 0x2C ||
|-
| 0x2A || 42 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Belize 2 A0  || 4.00 ||  || Same body as 0x20 ||
|-
| 0x2B || 43 || EAP KBL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x33 Belize 2 A0 || 4.00 || || Same body as 0x25 and 0x21 ||
|-
| 0x2C || 44 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Baikal2 1st Revision  || 4.00 || || Same body as 0x28 ||
|-
| 0x2D || 45 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 5th SOCUID || 4.50 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x26 and 0x32 || [[CXD90044GB]]
|-
| 0x2E || 46 || EMC IPL || {{no}} || sflash0s0x32/b Belize2 3rd Revision?  || 5.00 || || ||
|-
| 0x30 || 48 || WIFI FW || {{no}} || sflash0s0x38 trooper Belize 2 A0 || 5.00 || || || --
|-
| 0x31 || 49 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 6th SOCUID || 5.50 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x27 || [[CXD90051GB]]
|-
| 0x32 || 50 || SAM IPL || {{yes}} || sflash0s1.cryptx2/b 7th SOCUID || 6.50 || || (Confirmed by anon) Same body as 0x26 and 0x2D || [[CXD90055GB]]
|-
| 0x101 || 257 || EULA.XML || {{no}} || Sony Agreement XML || 1.00 ||  || || Universal
|-
| 0x200 || 512 || ORBIS_SWU.SELF || {{no}} || Sony SoftWareUpdater (ELF) || [[0.910.040]] || || || Universal
|-
| 0x202 || 514 || ORBIS_SWU.SELF || {{no}} || Sony SoftWareUpdater (Encrypted SELF) || [[0.920.030]] || || || Universal
|-
| 0x301 || 769 || ??? || {{no}} || /update related || {{no}} || || || ??
|-
| 0x302 || 770 || ??? || {{no}} || /update related || {{no}} || || || ??
|-
| 0xD00 || 3328 || SYSCON FW || {{no}} || sc_fw_update0 firmware (4000XXXX)  || [[0.915.010]] || || || Universal Syscon
|-
| 0xD01 || 3329 || BLURAY FW || {{no}} || bluray firmware (all revisions) (4XXR) || [[0.920.030]] || || || Universal Bluray
|-
| 0xD02 || 3330 || USB SATA BRIDGE FW || {{no}} || usb sata bridge firmware (da0) || 1.00 || || || [[MB86C311B]]
|-
| 0xD07 || 3335 || SYSCON PATCH || {{no}} || sc_fw_update0 patch (4001XXXX)  || 2.50 Test/Retail || || || Universal Syscon
|-
| 0xD08 || 3336 || SYSCON FW || {{no}} || sc_fw_update0 firmware (4000XXXX)  || 1.00 Devkit || || || Universal Syscon
|-
| 0xD09 || 3337 || COMMUNICATION PROCESSOR FW || {{no}} || cpfirm || 3.50 Devkit || || || Neo Devkit Component (unknown)
|-
|}


{{Software}}
<noinclude>[[Category:Main]]</noinclude>