Flash

Typical Flash TSOP package found on PS3's can either be 2x128mb NAND or 1x16mb NOR

This is my attempt at documenting the files located and stored on flash. Please do note that this is from reverse engineering several flash dumps, not from reverse engineering the PS3 firmware itself. This involves alot of guesswork and may not be accurate and there may be information missing.

Structure

• 0x0 > 0x400 = Headers

• 0x400 > 0x800 = File table

• 0x800 > 0xF00000 = Region 1

• • 0x800 > 0x2F000 = asecure_loader region

• • • 0x840 > 0xF110 = metldr

• 0xF00000 > 0xFFFFFF = region 2

• • unknown format

First Region

Header

First 512 Bytes of flash

00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
00000010  00 00 00 00 0F AC E0 FF 00 00 00 00 DE AD BE EF  .....¬àÿ....Þ.¾ï
00000020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 78 00  ..............x.
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
....
000001F0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x00	0x10	0x0	Blank/Unknown
0x10	0x10	0x0FACE0FF 0xDEADBEEF	Magic number
0x20	0x10	0x7800	Length of region * 0x200
0x30	0x1D0	0x0	Blank/Unknown

Unknown Header

The next block of 512 bytes only has the first 16 bytes written. Unsure exactly what this means.

00000200  49 46 49 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00  IFI.............
00000210  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
....
000003F0  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x200	0x10	0x49464900 (String: "IFI") 0x1 0x2 0x0	Unknown

File Table

The next 1024 bytes contain the file entry table

Header

Small 16 byte header to describe length and entry count

00000400  00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0B 00 00 00 00 00 EF FC 00  .............ïü.

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x0	0x4	0x01	Unknown
0x4	0x4	0x0B	Entry Count
0x8	0x8	0xEFFC00	Length of Flash Region (relative to 0x400 (region start)

First is a header, this tells us how many files are stored here.

Entry Table

Then follows a 32 byte entry for each file

00000410  00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 E8 00  ..............è.
00000420  61 73 65 63 75 72 65 5F 6C 6F 61 64 65 72 00 00  asecure_loader..
00000430  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x0	0x8	0x400	File offset relative to 0x400 (Region start)
0x8	0x8	0x2E800	File length
0x10	0x20	char[32]:"asecure_loader"	File name

asecure_loader region

Within asecure_loader is another file table similar to region 1 but is located within region 1 itself. This has only been observed to hold metldr in its encrypted form.

Header

00000800  00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 E8 00  ..............è.

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x00	0x04	0x01	Unknown
0x04	0x04	0x01	Entry Count
0x08	0x08	0x2E800	Length of Region

Entry Table

Then follows a 32 byte entry for each file

00000810  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 E8 D0  .......@......èÐ
00000820  6D 65 74 6C 64 72 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  metldr..........
00000830  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................

Address	Length	Value	Description
0x0	0x08	0x40	File offset relative to 0x810 (asecure_loader header)
0x8	0x08	0xE8D0	File Length
0x10	0x20	char[32]:"metldr"	File name

Second Region

This region appears to directly follow the other region (at 0xF0000 = region size + header)

Not much is known about this at this stage.

Header

00F00000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
00F00010  00 00 00 00 0F AC E0 FF 00 00 00 00 DE AD FA CE  .....¬àÿ....Þ.úÎ
00F00020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02  ................
00F00030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
....
00F000B0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
00F000C0  00 00 00 00 00 00 79 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  ......y.........
00F000D0  10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03  .p..............
00F000E0  10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03  .p..............
00F000F0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
....
00F00140  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
00F00150  00 00 00 00 00 00 7A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00  ......z.........
00F00160  10 70 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03  .p..............
00F00170  10 70 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03  .p..............
00F00180  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
....
00F00FF0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................

Bootloader

Located at 0xFC0000 to 0xFFFFFF (The last 256kb of flash), This is encrypted.

Encrypted Files on Flash

Encrypted files on flash appear to have some sort of header

metldr examples

Here are samples of metldr header from 2 different consoles

00000840  00 00 0E 8E 99 87 3B C7 15 F2 80 80 9C 30 22 25  ...Ž™‡;Ç.ò€€œ0"%
00000850  00 00 0E 8E 78 A5 61 E0 17 72 6E F7 A7 1B 41 AB  ...Žx¥aà.rn÷§.A«

00000840  00 00 0E 8E 99 87 3B C7 15 F2 80 80 9C 30 22 25  ...Ž™‡;Ç.ò€€œ0"%
00000850  00 00 0E 8E 81 2E 00 A9 59 75 01 CC C1 72 D5 50  ...Ž...©Yu.ÌÁrÕP

bootldr examples

Here are samples of bootldr header from 2 different consoles

00FC0000  00 00 2F 4B 53 92 1C E7 F7 33 41 76 9B 7A 1E D6  ../KS’.ç÷3Av›z.Ö
00FC0010  00 00 2F 4B 78 A5 61 E0 17 72 6E F7 A7 1B 41 AB  ../Kx¥aà.rn÷§.A«

00FC0000  00 00 2F 4B CB 9E 15 24 28 B4 4F D2 F9 3F BC 43  ../KËž.$(´OÒù?¼C
00FC0010  00 00 2F 4B 81 2E 00 A9 59 75 01 CC C1 72 D5 50  ../K...©Yu.ÌÁrÕP

Observations / Notes

As you can see, some parts appear static depending on their purpose:

metldr

00000840  00 00 0E 8E 99 87 3B C7 15 F2 80 80 9C 30 22 25  ...Ž™‡;Ç.ò€€œ0"%
00000850  00 00 0E 8E xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx  ...Žx...........

bootldr

00FC0000  00 00 2F 4B xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx  ../K............
00FC0010  00 00 2F 4B xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx  ../K............

per console in both samples

00000840  xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx  ................
00000850  xx xx xx xx 81 2E 00 A9 59 75 01 CC C1 72 D5 50  .......©Yu.ÌÁrÕP

The first 4 bytes appear to reffer to length. eg:

metldr length: 0xE920
0x00000E8E * 0x10 = 0xE8E0 + 0x40 = 0xE920
bootldr length:  0x2F4F0
0x00002F4B * 0x10 = 0x2F4B0 + 0x40 = 0x2F4F0

Header shown is 0x20 bytes, perhaps this means there is a 0x40 byte header. I was not able to find any correlation of the other 2x12 bytes here, perhaps these are keys of some sort.

List of files on NOR Flash

The following is a list of files stored in NOR Flash

Name	Offset	Size
asecure_loader	0x400	0x2E800 (190,464 bytes)
eEID	0x2EC00	0x10000 (65,636 bytes)
cISD	0x3EC00	0x800 (2,048 bytes)
cCSD	0x3F400	0x800 (2,048 bytes)
trvk_prg0	0x03FC00	0x20000 (131,072 bytes)
trvk_pkg0	0x7FC00	0x20000 (131,072 bytes)
trvk_pkg1	0x9FC00	0x20000 (131,072 bytes)
ros0	0xBFC00	0x700000 (7,340,032 bytes)
ros1	0x7BFC00	0x700000 (7,340,032 bytes)
cvtrm	0XEBFC00	0x40000 (262,144 bytes)

NOR Unpacking // NOR Unpkg

/*
  # ../norunpkg norflash.bin norflash
  unpacking asecure_loader (size: 190xxx bytes)...
  unpacking eEID (size: 65536 bytes)...
  unpacking cISD (size: 2048 bytes)...
  unpacking cCSD (size: 2048 bytes)...
  unpacking trvk_prg0 (size: 131072 bytes)...
  unpacking trvk_prg1 (size: 131072 bytes)...
  unpacking trvk_pkg0 (size: 131072 bytes)...
  unpacking trvk_pkg1 (size: 131072 bytes)...
  unpacking ros0 (size: 7340032 bytes)...
  unpacking ros1 (size: 7340032 bytes)...
  unpacking cvtrm (size: 262144 bytes)...
*/

// Copyright 2010       Sven Peter
// Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2
// http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.txt
// nor modifications by rms.

#include "tools.h"
#include "types.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#ifdef WIN32
#define MKDIR(x,y) mkdir(x)
#else
#define MKDIR(x,y) mkdir(x,y)
#endif

u8 *pkg = NULL;

static void unpack_file(u32 i)
{
        u8 *ptr;
        u8 name[33];
        u64 offset;
        u64 size;

        ptr = pkg + 0x10 + 0x30 * i;

        offset = be64(ptr + 0x00);
        size   = be64(ptr + 0x08);

        memset(name, 0, sizeof name);
        strncpy((char *)name, (char *)(ptr + 0x10), 0x20);

        printf("unpacking %s (size: %d bytes)...\n", name, size);
        memcpy_to_file((char *)name, pkg + offset, size);
}

static void unpack_pkg(void)
{
        u32 n_files;
        u64 size;
        u32 i;

        n_files = be32(pkg + 4);
        size = be64(pkg + 8);

        for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
                unpack_file(i);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        if (argc != 3)
                fail("usage: norunpkg filename.nor target");

        pkg = mmap_file(argv[1]);

        /* kludge for header, i do not do sanity checks at the moment */
        pkg += 1024;

        MKDIR(argv[2], 0777);

        if (chdir(argv[2]) != 0)
                fail("chdir");

        unpack_pkg();

        return 0;
}

Source: http://rms.dukio.com/?p=25

RMS - eEID splitter

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void
DumpEidData (FILE * pFile, int iInputSize, int iEidCount)
{
  FILE *pOutput;
  char szFileName[8];
  char *szBuf;
  int iRes, iSize;

  printf("dumping EID%s from eEID at %p, size %d (%x)..\n",
         iEidCount, pFile, iInputSize, iInputSize
		 );

  szBuf = (char *) malloc (iInputSize + 1);

  if (szBuf == NULL)
    {
      perror ("malloc");
      exit (1);
    };

  iSize = fread (szBuf, iInputSize, 1, pFile);
  sprintf (szFileName, "EID%d", iEidCount);
  pOutput = fopen (szFileName, "wb");
  iRes = fwrite (szBuf, iInputSize, 1, pOutput);

  if (iRes != iSize)
    {
      perror ("fwrite");
      exit (1);
    };

  free (szBuf);
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  FILE *pFile;

  pFile = fopen (argv[1], "rb");
  if (pFile == NULL)
    {
	  printf ("usage: %s <eEID>\n");
	  exit (1);
    }

  fseek (pFile, 0x70, SEEK_SET);

  DumpEidData (pFile, 2144, 0);
  DumpEidData (pFile, 672, 1);
  DumpEidData (pFile, 1840, 2);
  DumpEidData (pFile, 256, 3);
  DumpEidData (pFile, 48, 4);
  DumpEidData (pFile, 2560, 5);
}

Source: http://rms.dukio.com/?p=59