Editing SELF - SPRX

{{Wikify}}

SELF stands for Signed Executable and Linkable Format. It is the format used by the executables on the PS3 and PSVita.

[[File:Self.png|thumb|alt=A screenshot of f0f's presentation at CCC2010.]]
[[File:Self_hdr.png|thumb]]

= Introduction =

It consists of a CF header with an extended header followed by the encapsulated ELF file. ELF sections can be compressed using gzip. SELFs are encrypted and signed, unlike fSELFs. ELF sections are encrypted using AES CTR (maybe more algos?) and signed using ECDSA + HMAC-SHA1. SELF file has a specific header called Extended header where it stores all the parameters for this program.

*Extended Header
It consists of information regarding the structure and offsets of the SELF. The first part is in plaintext until you reach Encryption Root Header.

*Encryption Root Header
Encryption Root Header is itself encrypted under AES256CBC. It contains key and ivec to further decrypt the Certification data using AES128CTR.

*Certification data
The Certification Header, Segment Certification Headers, Segment Certifications, Optional Headers and Certification Signature are all encrypted under this AES128CTR layer and are decrypted with the key above.

*Certification Header
Certification Header contains the info required to authenticate the Certification. The signature is ECDSA160 of the SHA1 ?SHA256 on PSVita? digest of the SELF file starting at offset 0x0 and ending at 0x0+signature_offset.

*Data Sections
The data sections can be encrypted using AES128CTR and/or compressed. SHA1/HMAC-SHA1/HMAC-SHA256 is used to ensure that they have not been modified.

----

= Cryptography =

Here is a small summary on how the SELF cryptography works. 

Basically here are the steps being involved by the loaders: 

Loaders all have a static key and iv called respectively <abbr title="ERK - 256bit Encryption Round Key">erk</abbr> and <abbr title="RIV - 128bit Reset Initialization Vector">riv</abbr>. Those are keys for the first decryption step which are used to decrypt the very first 0x40 bytes of the SELF's metadata using <abbr title="AES256CBC - Advanced Encryption Standard - 256 bit - Cipher-block chaining">AES256CBC</abbr>.

Then the result is used as key and iv to decrypt the rest of the metadata using <abbr title="AESCTR - Advanced Encryption Standard - Counter Mode">AESCTR</abbr>. Finally the decrypted metadata contains the key and iv for each data sections which are still decrypted through AES128CTR. This security model is based on the fact that the first 0x40 bytes of the SELF's metadata once decrypted by the static AES256CBC key in the loader should never be the same from one binary to the other. The same goes for any other value used as an AES128CTR key or iv.

Loaders are also involved with inflating the binaries using zlib.

The SELF authenticity is based on other independent steps, <abbr title="HMAC-SHA1 - Hash-based Message Authentication Code - Secure Hash Algorithm 1">HMAC-SHA1</abbr> of the data sections and <abbr title="ECDSA - Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm">ECDSA</abbr> for the actual signature in the header.

== Short references ==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard AES]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation Block cipher modes of operation]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC HMAC]-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1 SHA1]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_DSA ECDSA]

More indepth Online course about encryption in generic (also AES/ECDSA): [https://engineering.purdue.edu/kak/compsec/Lectures.html Lecture Notes on Computer and Network Security by Avinash Kak]

= File Format =

Notes:
* Warning: PS3 uses big endian, PSVita uses little endian.
* Encapsulated ELF header fields are useless (only the EI_CLASS EI_DATA and EI_VERSION fields are checked).

== PS3 early type 3 SELFs ==

<pre>
SDK 0.60: No sce version and digest
SDK 0.8X: No sce version, with 0x30 digest
SDK 0.9X: With sce version and 0x40 digest (scetool produces this type)
</pre>

== Special SELFs ==

=== Warhawk public beta release 012 ===

Oldest official game SELF (not NPDRM !!!) I have found for now: 2007-06-08.

*https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://download-prod.online.scea.com/medius-patch/warhawk-pubeta/warhawk//*
*https://web.archive.org/web/20070711084313/http://download-prod.online.scea.com/medius-patch/warhawk-*pubeta/warhawk/20070608_r012/NPUA80093_113_release.self
*https://web.archive.org/web/20070711084217/http://download-prod.online.scea.com/medius-patch/warhawk-pubeta/warhawk/20070608_r012/NPUA80093_113_PARAM.sfo
*https://web.archive.org/web/20070621155928/http://download-prod.online.scea.com/medius-patch/warhawk-pubeta/warhawk/20070608_r012/NPUA80093.cfg

*https://twitter.com/Mathieulh/status/1057395385319211008?s=20

== Extended Header ==

Extended Header offsets are relative to Certified File start.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct { // Size is 0x50 bytes
  uint64_t ext_hdr_version;
  uint64_t program_identification_hdr_offset;
  uint64_t ehdr_offset;
  uint64_t phdr_offset;
  uint64_t shdr_offset;
  uint64_t segment_ext_hdr_offset;
  uint64_t version_hdr_offset;
  uint64_t supplemental_hdr_offset;
  uint64_t supplemental_hdr_size;
  uint64_t padding;
 } __attribute__((packed)) ext_hdr;
</source>

=== Table ===

{| class="wikitable"
! field !! offset !! type !! notes
|-
| Extended Header version || 0x0 || u64 || 3 for PS3, 4 for PSVita
|-
| Program Identification Header offset || 0x8 || u64 || Offset to Program Identification Header.
|-
| ELF Header offset || 0x10 || u64 || Offset to ELF header.
|- 
| Program Header offset || 0x18 || u64 || Offset to ELF Program Header.
|-
| Section Header offset || 0x20 || u64 || Offset to ELF Section Header.
|-
| Segment Extended Header offset || 0x28 || u64 || Offset to Segment Extended Header.
|-
| Version Header offset || 0x30 || u64 || Offset to Version Header.
|-
| Supplemental Header offset || 0x38 || u64 || Offset to Supplemental Header.
|-
| Supplemental Header size || 0x40 || u64 || Size of Supplemental Header.
|-
| Padding || 0x48 || u64 ||
|}

=== Comments ===

The real ELF data is located after the extended header (see header size). It is encrypted, unless attribute is 0x8000. unfself works by cutting the SCE header from the (fake)SELF and if needed decompressing sections.

== Program Identification Header ==

Temp name was App Info. Official name is Program Identification Header.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct {
   uint64_t program_authority_id;
   uint32_t program_vender_id;
   uint32_t program_type;
   uint64_t program_sceversion;
   uint64_t padding;
 } __attribute__((packed)) program_identification_header;
</source>

=== Table ===

{| class="wikitable"
! field !! offset !! type !! notes !! example
|-
| program_authority_id || 0x00 || u64 || See [[Authority_ID|authority_id]] || ex: 21 00 00 10 1C CA 01 30
|-
| program_vender_id || 0x08 || u32 || See [[Program Vender Id]] || ex: 00 00 00 00
|-
| program_type || 0x0C || u32 || See [[Program Type]] || ex: 08 00 00 00
|-
| program_sceversion || 0x10 || u64 || ?SDK version or app version? [[Revision versus Version|version]] ex: 01.02 is translated by make_fself.exe to 02 01 00 00 || ex: 0x0000036000000000 (3.600.011), 0x0000009450000000 (0.945.040)
|-
| padding || 0x18 || u64 || Padding || 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
|}

=== Comments ===

Aligned to 0x10 bytes.

== ELF Header ==

=== Struct ===

==== PS3 ====

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
    uint8_t e_ident[16];              /* ELF identification */
    uint16_t e_type;                  /* object file type */
    uint16_t e_machine;               /* machine type */
    uint32_t e_version;               /* object file version */
    uint64_t e_entry;                 /* entry point address */
    uint64_t e_phoff;                 /* program header offset */
    uint64_t e_shoff;                 /* section header offset */
    uint32_t e_flags;                 /* processor-specific flags */
    uint16_t e_ehsize;                /* ELF header size */
    uint16_t e_phentsize;             /* size of program header entry */
    uint16_t e_phnum;                 /* number of program header entries */
    uint16_t e_shentsize;             /* size of section header entry */
    uint16_t e_shnum;                 /* number of section header entries */
    uint16_t e_shstrndx;              /* section name string table index */
} __attribute__((packed)) ELF;
</source>

See also specifications:
[http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html ELF Header]
[http://www.openwatcom.com/ftp/devel/docs/elf-64-gen.pdf ELF-64 Object File Format]

==== PSVita ====

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
    uint8_t e_ident[16];              /* ELF identification */
    uint16_t e_type;                  /* object file type */
    uint16_t e_machine;               /* machine type */
    uint32_t e_version;               /* object file version */
    uint32_t e_entry;                 /* entry point address */
    uint32_t e_phoff;                 /* program header offset */
    uint32_t e_shoff;                 /* section header offset */
    uint32_t e_flags;                 /* processor-specific flags */
    uint16_t e_ehsize;                /* ELF header size */
    uint16_t e_phentsize;             /* size of program header entry */
    uint16_t e_phnum;                 /* number of program header entries */
    uint16_t e_shentsize;             /* size of section header entry */
    uint16_t e_shnum;                 /* number of section header entries */
    uint16_t e_shstrndx;              /* section name string table index */
} __attribute__((packed)) ELF;
</source>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name of the variable !! Offset !! Size !! Notes
|-
| e_ident[0..3] || 0 || 4 || Magic.
|-
| e_ident[4] || 4 || 1 || Class Type. Must be [ELFCLASS32 = 0x01].
|-
| e_ident[5] || 5 || 1 || Data Type. Must be [ELFDATA2LSB = 0x01].
|-
| e_ident[6] || 6 || 1 || File version. Must be 1.
|-
| e_ident[7...15] || 7 || 9 || unused
|-
| e_type || 0x10 || 2 || See SCE-specific e_type.
|-
| e_machine || 0x12 || 2 || Must be [EM_ARM = 0x0028].
|-
| e_version || 0x14 || 4 || Must be 0x1.
|-
| e_entry || 0x18 || 4 || Address to jump to in order to start program (warning: not always set).
|-
| e_phoff || 0x1C || 4 || Boundary checked, but unused (already given by SELF header). ?and for fSELF?
|-
| e_shoff || 0x20 || 4 || unused
|-
| e_flags || 0x24 || 4 || unused
|-
| e_ehsize || 0x28 || 2 || Must be sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) = 0x0034.
|-
| e_phentsize || 0x2A || 2 || Must be sizeof(Elf32_Phdr) = 0x0020.
|-
| e_phnum || 0x2C || 2 || Count of Program Header in this ELF.
|-
| e_shentsize || 0x2E || 2 || unused
|-
| e_shnum || 0x30 || 2 || unused
|-
| e_shstrndx || 0x32 || 2 || unused
|}

See also specifications:
[https://wiki.henkaku.xyz/vita/images/a/a2/Vita_SDK_specifications.pdf yifanlu specs]

=== SCE specific ELF types (e_type) ===

<source lang="C">
/* SCE-specific definitions for e_type: */
#define ET_SCE_EXEC		0xFE00		/* SCE Executable */
#define ET_SCE_RELEXEC		0xFE04		/* SCE Relocatable Executable */
#define ET_SCE_STUBLIB		0xFE0C		/* SCE SDK Stubs */
#define ET_SCE_DYNAMIC		0xFE18		/* ? */
#define ET_SCE_IOPRELEXEC	0xFF80		/* SCE IOP Relocatable Executable */
#define ET_SCE_IOPRELEXEC2	0xFF81		/* SCE IOP Relocatable Executable Version 2 */
#define ET_SCE_EERELEXEC	0xFF90		/* SCE EE Relocatable Executable */
#define ET_SCE_EERELEXEC2	0xFF91		/* SCE EE Relocatable Executable Version 2 */
#define ET_SCE_PSPRELEXEC	0xFFA0		/* SCE PSP Relocatable Executable */
#define ET_SCE_PPURELEXEC	0xFFA4		/* SCE PPU Relocatable Executable */
#define ET_SCE_ARMRELEXEC	0xFFA5		/* ?SCE ARM Relocatable Executable (PSVita FW <=0.931) */
#define ET_SCE_PSPOVERLAY	0xFFA8		/* ? */
</source>

=== OS ABI identification ===

<source lang="C">
#define ELFOSABI_CELL_LV2		102	/* CELL LV2 */
</source>

== ELF Program Segment Header ==

=== Struct ===

==== PS3 ====

<source lang="C">
typedef struct
{
  Elf64_Word	p_type;			/* Segment type */
  Elf64_Word	p_flags;		/* Segment flags */
  Elf64_Off	p_offset;		/* Segment file offset */
  Elf64_Addr	p_vaddr;		/* Segment virtual address */
  Elf64_Addr	p_paddr;		/* Segment physical address */
  Elf64_Xword	p_filesz;		/* Segment size in file */
  Elf64_Xword	p_memsz;		/* Segment size in memory */
  Elf64_Xword	p_align;		/* Segment alignment */
} Elf64_Phdr;
</source>

==== PSVita ====

<source lang="C">
typedef struct
{
  Elf32_Word	p_type;			/* Segment type */
  Elf32_Off	p_offset;		/* Segment file offset */
  Elf32_Addr	p_vaddr;		/* Segment virtual address */
  Elf32_Addr	p_paddr;		/* Segment physical address */
  Elf32_Word	p_filesz;		/* Segment size in file */
  Elf32_Word	p_memsz;		/* Segment size in memory */
  Elf32_Word	p_flags;		/* Segment flags */
  Elf32_Word	p_align;		/* Segment alignment */
} Elf32_Phdr;
</source>

See Spec here: [http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch5.pheader.html ELF Program Segment Header] 

=== Processor specific segment types (p_type) ===

<source lang="C">
*PT_SCE_IOPMOD = 0x70000080
*PT_SCE_EEMOD = 0x70000090
*PT_SCE_PSPREL = 0x700000A0
*PT_SCE_PPURELA = 0x700000A4
*PT_SCE_SEGSYM = 0x700000A8
</source>

=== Processor specific segment flags (p_flags) ===

<source lang="C">
*PF_SPU_X = 0x00100000
*PF_SPU_W = 0x00200000
*PF_SPU_R = 0x00400000
*PF_RSX_X = 0x01000000
*PF_RSX_W = 0x02000000
*PF_RSX_R = 0x04000000
</source>

== ELF Section Header ==

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
  typedef struct {
    uint32_t sh_name;                 /* section name */
    uint32_t sh_type;                 /* section type */
    uint64_t sh_flags;                /* section attributes */
    uint64_t sh_addr;                 /* virtual address in memory */
    uint64_t sh_offset;               /* offset in file */
    uint64_t sh_size;                 /* size of section */
    uint32_t sh_link;                 /* link to other section */
    uint32_t sh_info;                 /* miscellaneous information */
    uint64_t sh_addralign;            /* address alignment boundary */
    uint64_t sh_entsize;              /* size of entries, if section has table */
  } __attribute__((packed)) ELF_SHDR;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Processor specific section types (sh_type):
*SHT_SCE_IOPMOD	 = 0x70000080
*SHT_SCE_EEMOD	 = 0x70000090
*SHT_SCE_PSPREL	 = 0x700000a0
*SHT_SCE_PPURELA = 0x700000a4

== Segment Extended Header ==

Temp name was SELF Section Info. Official name is segment_ext_header.

A table which maps each phdr entry to the actual offset/size within the encrypted CF. Indeed, because sections can be compressed, they might not match the values listed within the ELF phdr/shdr.

There is one of these entries for each ELF phdr (ELF Program Segment Header) entry in the ELF file so that the console knows where to decrypt the data from (because it might also be compressed).

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  uint64_t offset;
  uint64_t size;
  uint32_t compression;
  uint32_t unknown;
  uint64_t encryption;
} __attribute__((packed)) segment_ext_header;
</source>

=== Table ===

{| class="wikitable"
! field  !! offset !! type !! notes
|-
| Offset || 0x00 ||u64 || Offset to data
|-
| Size || 0x08 || u64 || Size of data
|-   
| Compression || 0x10 || u32 || 1 = uncompressed, 2 = compressed
|-  
| Unknown || 0x14 || u32 || Always 0, as far as I know.
|-  
| Encryption || 0x18 || u64 || 1 = encrypted, 2 = unencrypted
|}

PS3 OS uses the following structure to handle that data:

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  void *data;
  uint64_t size;
  uint64_t offset;
} segment_ext_header;
</source>

== Version Header ==

It contains some version information, including an offset to the .sceversion section of the encrypted ELF.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct {
  uint32_t subheader_type; // 1 - sceversion
  uint32_t present;        // 0 = false, 1 = true
  uint32_t size;           // usually 0x10
  uint32_t unknown4;
 } __attribute__((packed)) version_header;
</source>

=== Data Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct {
  uint16 unknown_1;
  uint16 unknown_2; // 0x1
  uint32 unknown_3;
  uint32 unknown_4; // ?Number of sections?
  uint32 unknown_5;
  ////
    uint64 offset;    // Data offset
    uint64 size;      // Data size
  //// <- these are supposed to be sections
 } SCE_VERSION_DATA_30;
</source>

=== Comments ===

== Supplemental Header Table ==

Temp name was Control Information. Official name is Supplemental Header.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct {
  uint32_t type; // 1=PS3 plaintext_capability; 2=PS3 ELF digest info; 3=PS3 NPDRM info, 4=PSVita ELF digest info; 5=PSVita NPDRM info; 6=PSVita boot param info; 7=PSVita shared secret info
  uint32_t size;
  uint64_t next; // 1 if another Supplemental Header element follows else 0

  union {
    // type 1, 0x30 bytes
    struct { // 0x20 bytes of data
      plaintext_capability_t plaintext_capability;
    } PS3_plaintext_capability;

    // type 2, 0x40 bytes
    struct { // 0x30 bytes of data
      uint8_t constant[0x14]; // same for every PSVita/PS3 SELF, hardcoded in make_fself.exe: 627CB1808AB938E32C8C091708726A579E2586E4
      uint8_t elf_digest[0x14]; // SHA-1. Hash F2C552BF716ED24759CBE8A0A9A6DB9965F3811C is blackisted by appldr
      uint64_t required_system_version; // filled on Sony auth server, contains decimal PS3_SYSTEM_VER value from PARAM.SFO
    } PS3_elf_digest_40;

    // type 2, 0x30 bytes
    struct { // 0x20 bytes of data
      uint8_t constant_or_elf_digest[0x14];
      uint8_t padding[0xC];
    } PS3_elf_digest_30;

    // type 3, 0x90 bytes
    struct { // 0x80 bytes of data
      uint32_t magic;           // 4E 50 44 00 ("NPD.")
      uint32_t license_version;
      uint32_t drm_type;        // [[License Types|license_type]]
      uint32_t app_type;        // [[App Types|app_type]]
      uint8_t content_id[0x30];
      uint8_t digest[0x10];     // SHA-1 hash of debug self/sprx created with make_fself_npdrm
      uint8_t inv_digest[0x10]; // hash_cid_fname
      uint8_t xor_digest[0x10]; // hash_cid
      uint8_t padding[0x10];
    } PS3_npdrm_info;

     // type 4, 0x50 bytes
     struct { // 0x40 bytes of data
       uint8_t constant[0x14]; // same for every PSVita/PS3 SELF, hardcoded in make_fself.exe: 627CB1808AB938E32C8C091708726A579E2586E4
       uint8_t elf_digest[0x20]; // SHA-256 of source ELF file.
       uint8_t padding[8];
       uint32_t min_required_fw; // ex: 0x363 for 3.63
     } PSVita_elf_digest_info;
     
     // type 5, 0x110 bytes
     struct { // 0x80 bytes of data
       uint32_t magic;               // 7F 44 52 4D (".DRM")
       uint32_t finalized_flag;      // ex: 80 00 00 01
       uint32_t drm_type;            // [[License Types|license_type]] ex: 2 local, 0xD free with license
       uint32_t padding;
       uint8_t content_id[0x30];
       uint8_t digest[0x10];         // ?sha-1 hash of debug self/sprx created using make_fself_npdrm?
       uint8_t padding_78[0x78];
       uint8_t hash_signature[0x38]; // unknown hash/signature
     } PSVita_npdrm_info;
     
     // type 6, 0x110 bytes
     struct { // 0x100 bytes of data
       uint32_t is_used; // 0=false, 1=true
       uint8_t boot_param[0x9C]; // ex: starting with 02 00 00 00
     } PSVita_boot_param_info;
     
     // type 7, 0x50 bytes
     struct { // 0x40 bytes of data
       uint8_t shared_secret_0[0x10]; // ex: 0x7E7FD126A7B9614940607EE1BF9DDF5E or full of zeroes
       uint8_t shared_secret_1[0x10]; // ex: full of zeroes
       uint8_t shared_secret_2[0x10]; // ex: full of zeroes
       uint8_t shared_secret_3[0x10]; // ex: full of zeroes
     } PSVita_shared_secret_info;
  };
 } __attribute__((packed)) supplemental_header;
</source>

=== Table ===

=== Comments ===

There are 3 digests in ps3_npdrm_info:
*digest is the sha1 checksum of the entire SELF file.
*inv_digest is the inverse of digest.
*xor_digest is digest XORed with 0xAAAAAA..AAAAAB.

The PSJailbreak payload ignores the actual checksums, but checks that the 3rd checksum is the 2nd checksum XORed with 0xAAAAAA..AAAAAB.

Notes:
* See [[Capability_Flags]].
* PS3 loader uses supplemental_header_table to handle some data:
<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  plaintext_capability_t plaintext_capability;      /* Plaintext Capability */
  uint8[0x14] elf_digest;         /* sha1 hash of the ELF file */
  uint32_t    unknown_0;          /* seems to be padding */
  uint64_t    required_system_vesion;     /* PS3_SYSTEM_VER, decimal format */
} supplemental_header_table;
</source>

== Encryption Root Header ==

Temp name was Metadata Information. Official name is encryption_root_header.

This is not present in fSELF.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  uint8_t key[16];
  uint8_t key_pad[16];
  uint8_t iv[16];
  uint8_t iv_pad[16];
} __attribute__((packed)) encryption_root_header;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Notes:
*The key and ivec fields are encrypted using AES256CBC.

== Certification Header ==

Temp name was Metadata Header. Official name is certification_header.

This is only present if the Encryption Root Header is present.

The Certification Header is located after the Encryption Root Header in the SELF file. It is decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header. 

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  uint64_t signature_offset;
  uint32_t signature_type;            // 1 = ECDSA160, 5 = RSA2048
  uint32_t sectionCount;
  uint32_t blocks_count; // was keyCount
  uint32_t optional_header_size;
  uint64_t unknown06;
} __attribute__((packed)) certification_header;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Notes:
* signature_offset is the number of bytes which are used to generate the SHA-1 which is used to generate the ECDSA signature. The length should be eveything from the beginning until the signature itself. The decrypted version of the input data is used for signature.

== Segment Certification Header ==

Temp name was Metadata Section Headers. Official name is segment_certification_header.

This is only present if the Certification Header is present.

The Segment Certification Headers are located after the Certification Header in the SELF file.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  uint64_t data_offset;
  uint64_t data_size;
  uint32_t type;           // 1 = shdr, 2 = phdr, 3 = sceversion
  uint32_t program_idx;    // 0,1,2,3,etc for phdr, always 3 for shdrs, sceversion shdr number for sceversion
  uint32_t hash_algorithm; // ?1 = none?, 2 = sha1_hmac, 3 = sha1, 6 = sha256_hmac
  uint32_t hash_idx;
  uint32_t enc_algorithm;  // 1 = none, 2 = aes128cbccfb, 3 = aes128ctr
  uint32_t key_idx;
  uint32_t iv_idx;
  uint32_t compressed;     // 1 = none, 2 = zlib
} __attribute__((packed)) segment_certification_header;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Notes:
*The number of sections is indicated by the sectionCount entry in the Certification Header. 
*They are decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header. 
*Section data is decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec from the metadata keys specified by keyIndex and ivecIndex. 
*Section data will also need to be uncompressed using zlib. ?also?
*The data_offset of the Segment Certification Header matches in general the Segment Extended Header offset.

== Segment Certification ==

Temp name was Metadata Keys, Section Hash. Official name might be Segment Certification.

*The Segment Hashes are located after the Segment Certification Headers in the SELF file.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
 typedef struct {
  uint8_t digest[0x20]; // sha-1 or sha-256
  uint8_t hmac_key[0x40];
 } __attribute__((packed)) segment_certification;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Notes: 
*The number of Segment Certifications is indicated by the keyCount entry in the Certification Header. 
*They are decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header. 
*The HMAC-SHA1 is calculated on the decrypted data and before the decompression.

== Optional Header Table ==

Temp name was Signature Info, Capabilities Info. Official name is optional_header_table.

The Optional Header Table is located after the Section Hash in the SELF file. 
 
It is only present if optional_header_size in the Certification Header is not zero.

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
	uint32_t type; // 1=capability_header, 2=individual_seed_header, 3=attribute_header
	uint32_t size;
	uint64_t next; // 1 if another optional_header structure follows else 0
	union {
		// type 1
		struct { // 0x20 bytes of data
			uint8_t capability[0x20];
		} capability_header;
		// type 2
		struct { // 0x100 bytes of data
			uint8_t individual_seed[0x100];
		} individual_seed_header;
		// type 3
		struct { // 0x20 bytes of data
			uint8_t attribute[0x20];
		} attribute_header;
	};
} __attribute__((packed)) optional_header;
</source>

=== Comments ===

* It is decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header.
* Type 1 contains encrypted_capability. See [[Capability Flags]].

== Certification Signature ==

The Certification Signature is located at the Certification Header signature_offset in the SELF file.

It can be ECDSA160 or RSA2048.?and both?

=== Struct ===

<source lang="C">
typedef struct {
  uint8_t r[21];
  uint8_t s[21];
  uint8_t padding[6];
} __attribute__((packed)) certification_signature;
</source>

=== Comments ===

Notes:
*It is decrypted using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header.

= Extraction =

=== ELF Header ===

 Elf64_Ehdr elfHeader;
 
 fseek ( selfFile, fix64 ( selfHeader.elfHeaderOffset ), SEEK_SET );
 fread ( &amp;elfHeader, sizeof ( Elf64_Ehdr ), 1, selfFile );
 
 fseek ( elfFile, 0, SEEK_SET );
 fwrite ( &amp;elfHeader, sizeof ( Elf64_Ehdr ), 1, elfFile );

=== Section Headers ===

 Elf64_Shdr elfSectionHeaders[100];
 
 fseek ( selfFile, fix64 ( selfHeader.elfSectionHeadersOffset ), SEEK_SET );
 fread ( elfSectionHeaders, sizeof ( Elf64_Shdr ), fix16 ( elfHeader.e_shnum ), selfFile );
 
 fseek ( elfFile, fix64 ( elfHeader.e_shoff ), SEEK_SET );
 fwrite ( elfSectionHeaders, sizeof ( Elf64_Shdr ), fix16 ( elfHeader.e_shnum ), elfFile );

=== Section Data ===

Notes: 
*Unknown, manually copying the data over works for now. 
*There should be a section data offset somewhere.

=== Program Headers ===

 Elf64_Phdr elfProgramHeaders[100];
 
 fseek ( selfFile, fix64 ( selfHeader.elfProgramHeadersOffset ), SEEK_SET );
 fread ( elfProgramHeaders, sizeof ( Elf64_Phdr ), fix16 ( elfHeader.e_phnum ), selfFile );
 
 fseek ( elfFile, fix64 ( elfHeader.e_phoff ), SEEK_SET );
 fwrite ( elfProgramHeaders, sizeof ( Elf64_Phdr ), fix16 ( elfHeader.e_phnum ), elfFile );

=== Program Data ===

Notes:
*Load the Encryption Root Header and decrypt the key and ivec entries using AES256CBC with erk and riv from OS.
*Load the Certification Header and decrypt it using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header.
*Load the sectionCount entries of Segment Certification Headers and decrypt them using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header.
*Load the keyCount entries of Segment Certifications and decrypt them using AES128CTR with the key and ivec entries from the Encryption Root Header. 
*For each Segment Certification:
**In the SELF file, fseek to data_offset and read in data_size bytes.
**Decrypt the data using AES128CTR with the key and ivec from the Segment Certification specified by keyIndex and ivecIndex in the Segment Certification Header.
**Uncompress the data using zlib.
**Write it to the ELF file as the program section specified by program_idx in the Segment Certification Header.


{{File Formats}}<noinclude>[[Category:Main]]</noinclude>