Editing HDD Encryption

=Introduction=

* The following information was reverse engineered from LV1, Storage Manager in LPAR1 and sb_iso_spu_module.self.
* I'm able to decrypt/encrypt my PS3 HDD and VFLASH on PC now.

=HDD Encryption=

* XTS-AES-128 is used to encrypt all data on PS3 HDD.
* VFLASH is encrypted twice. First with ENCDEC keys and then with ATA keys.
* Tweak and data XTS keys are of size 32 bytes but only the first 16 bytes are used.

=Dumping ATA Keys=

* I modified sb_iso_spu_module.self to dump ATA keys.
* ATA keys are passed as parameters to sb_iso_spu_module.self.

==Program==

My SPU program to dump ATA tweak and data XTS keys to PPU memory with spuisofs:

<pre>
/*
 * Dump ATA keys
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012 glevand <geoffrey.levand@mail.ru>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
 * by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

.text

start:

	ila		$2, 0x3dfa0
	lr		$sp, $2

	ila		$80, 0x3e000
	lr		$81, $3

	stqd		$7, 0($80)	# store upper 16bytes of ATA data key
	stqd		$8, 0x10($80)	# store lower 16bytes of ATA data key
	stqd		$9, 0x20($80)
	stqd		$10, 0x30($80)
	stqd		$11, 0x40($80)	# store upper 16bytes of ATA tweak key
	stqd		$12, 0x50($80)	# store lower 16bytes of ATA tweak key

	lr		$3, $80
	lr		$4, $81
	il		$5, 0x60
	il		$6, 0x7
	il		$7, 0x20
	brsl		$lr, 0x10	# mfc_dma_xfer

	il		$3, 0x7
	brsl		$lr, 0x28	# mfc_dma_wait

	stop		0x666		# our evil stop code :)

/*
 * r3 - LSA
 * r4 - EA
 * r5 - size
 * r6 - tag
 * r7 - cmd
 */
mfc_dma_xfer:

	wrch		$ch16, $3
	wrch		$ch17, $4
	shlqbyi		$4, $4, 4
	wrch		$ch18, $4
	wrch		$ch19, $5
	wrch		$ch20, $6
	wrch		$ch21, $7

	bi		$lr

/*
 * r3 - tag
 */
mfc_dma_wait:

	il		$2, 0
	nop		$127
	hbra		2f, 1f
	wrch		$ch23, $2

1:

	rchcnt		$2, $ch23
	ceqi		$2, $2, 1
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127

2:

	brz		$2, 1b
	hbr		3f, $lr
	rdch		$2, $ch24
	il		$2, 1
	shl		$2, $2, $3
	wrch		$ch22, $2
	il		$2, 2
	wrch		$ch23, $2
	rdch		$2, $ch24
	nop		$127

3:

	bi		$lr
</pre>

==Result==

<pre>
[glevand@arch dump_ata_keys]$ ./dump_ata_keys ../dump_ata_keys.self ../eid4
spuisofs found at /mnt
arg1 kernel virtual address d000000000722000
shadow: spe_execution_status 7
priv2: puint_mb_R 2
shadow: spe_execution_status b
problem: spu_status_R 6660082
[glevand@arch dump_ata_keys]$ hexdump -C /mnt/arg1 
...
Here are your ATA tweak and data XTS keys
Data key is at offset 0x0 (32 bytes)
Tweak key is at offset 0x40 (32 bytes)
...
</pre>

=Dumping ENCDEC Keys=

* VFLASH is encrypted twice. First with ENCDEC keys and then with ATA keys.
* You cannot dump ENCDEC keys with sb_iso_spu_module.self. They are set in lv1ldr only.
* I used a modified lv1ldr with my Linux spuldrfs driver and dumped ENCDEC keys.
* XTS-AES-128 with 128bit tweak key and 128bit data key, just like ATA keys.
* ENCDEC tweak and data keys are passed to lv1ldr NOT in clear text.
* ENCDEC keys are computed by lv1ldr with AES-CBC-256 by encrypting 32byte seeds.
* metldlr passes to lv1ldr AES-CBC-256 IV and key which are used to compute ENCDEC keys.
* I tested my ENCDEC keys with my ps3encdec Linux driver and set them again, and VFLASH was still working fine. As soon as i changed some bits in these keys, VFLASH could not be decrypted properly anymore :) It means keys are correct.

==ENCDEC Key Seeds==

* Use the dumped ENCDEC IV and key to encrypt these seeds and you will get your ENCDEC keys for VFLASH.

Tweak key seed:

<pre>
glevand@debian:~$ hexdump -C data1.bin
00000000  e2 d0 5d 40 71 94 5b 01  c3 6d 51 51 e8 8c b8 33  |..]@q.[..mQQ...3|
00000010  4a aa 29 80 81 d8 c4 4f  18 5d c6 60 ed 57 56 86  |J.)....O.].`.WV.|
00000020
</pre> 

Data key seed:

<pre>
glevand@debian:~$ hexdump -C data2.bin
00000000  02 08 32 92 c3 05 d5 38  bc 50 e6 99 71 0c 0a 3e  |..2....8.P..q..>|
00000010  55 f5 1c ba a5 35 a3 80  30 b6 7f 79 c9 05 bd a3  |U....5..0..y....|
00000020
</pre>

==Program==

Here is my SPU program which i used to dump ENCDEC keys:

<pre>
/*
 * Dump ENCDEC keys
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012 glevand <geoffrey.levand@mail.ru>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
 * by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

.text

start:

	ila		$2, 0x3dfa0
	lr		$sp, $2

	ila		$3, 0x666
	wrch		$ch30, $3

	# wait until we get message from PPU

1:

	brsl		$lr, 0x54	# in_mbox_count
	brz		$3, 1b

	brsl		$lr, 0x54	# in_mbox_read

	ila		$80, 0x3e000
	lqd		$81, 0($80)	# load PPU EA
	ila		$82, 0x0

	lqd		$83, 0($82)
	stqd		$83, 0($80)	# store upper 16bytes of ENCDEC key
	lqd		$83, 0x10($82)
	stqd		$83, 0x10($80)	# store lower 16bytes of ENCDEC key
	lqd		$83, 0x20($82)
	stqd		$83, 0x20($80)	# store ENCDEC IV

	lr		$3, $80
	lr		$4, $81
	il		$5, 0x30
	il		$6, 0x7
	il		$7, 0x20
	brsl		$lr, 0x20	# mfc_dma_xfer

	il		$3, 0x7
	brsl		$lr, 0x38	# mfc_dma_wait

	stop		0x666		# our evil stop code :)

/*
 * no input parameters
 */
in_mbox_count:
	rchcnt		$3, $ch29
	bi		$lr

/*
 * no input parameters
 */
in_mbox_read:
	rdch		$3, $ch29
	bi		$lr

/*
 * r3 - LSA
 * r4 - EA
 * r5 - size
 * r6 - tag
 * r7 - cmd
 */
mfc_dma_xfer:

	wrch		$ch16, $3
	wrch		$ch17, $4
	shlqbyi		$4, $4, 4
	wrch		$ch18, $4
	wrch		$ch19, $5
	wrch		$ch20, $6
	wrch		$ch21, $7

	bi		$lr

/*
 * r3 - tag
 */
mfc_dma_wait:

	il		$2, 0
	nop		$127
	hbra		2f, 1f
	wrch		$ch23, $2

1:

	rchcnt		$2, $ch23
	ceqi		$2, $2, 1
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127
	nop		$127

2:

	brz		$2, 1b
	hbr		3f, $lr
	rdch		$2, $ch24
	il		$2, 1
	shl		$2, $2, $3
	wrch		$ch22, $2
	il		$2, 2
	wrch		$ch23, $2
	rdch		$2, $ch24
	nop		$127

3:

	bi		$lr
</pre>

==Result==

* Test run with spuldrfs on Linux 3.5.1

<pre>
glevand@debian:~/dump_encdec_keys$ ./dump_encdec_keys ../ps3/metldr ../dump_encdec_keys.self 
spuldrfs found at /mnt
buf1 kernel virtual address d000000004311000
buf2 kernel virtual address d000000004412000
priv2: puint_mb_R 1
problem: pu_mb_R 1
priv2: puint_mb_R 666
problem: spu_status_R 2
glevand@debian:~/dump_encdec_keys$ hexdump -C /mnt/buf2
...
Here are your ENCDEC keys
ENCDEC keys key is at offset 0x0 (32 bytes)
ENCDEC keys IV is at offset 0x20 (16 bytes)
...
</pre>