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Connecting a hard drive to the PS2 requires a [[Network Adaptor]].
Connecting a hard drive to the PS2 requires a [[Network Adaptor]].


All official hard drives run special firmware, which implements some additional proprietary ATA-commands. Additionally, they have a special sector containing security information. Thus, official software requires official Sony PS2 hard drives. Homebrew software such as OPL does not require any of the proprietary commands, which means that a generic hard drive can be used as well for this purpose.
All official hard drives run special firmware, which implements some additional proprietary ATA-commands. Thus, official software requires official Sony PS2 hard drives. Homebrew software such as OPL does not require any of the proprietary commands, which means that a generic hard drive can be used as well for this purpose.


The [[PSX]]'s internal hard drive implements the same proprietary ATA-commands, which are required for the console to boot. That's why the PSX's hard drive can only be replaced by another PSX's hard drive or one of the official Sony PS2 hard drives (which however only have a capacity of 40 GB, vs. 160 GB or 250 GB in the PSX). ''Note: DESR-x500 and DESR-x700 require the DVR-partition to boot. Thus, these consoles can NOT boot from a 40 GB PS2 drive!''
The [[PSX]]'s internal hard drive implements the same proprietary ATA-commands, which are required for the console to boot. That's why the PSX's hard drive can only be replaced by another PSX's hard drive or one of the official Sony PS2 hard drives (which however only have a capacity of 40 GB, vs. 160 GB or 250 GB in the PSX).
 
The [[Arcade_Boards#Konami_Bemani_Python_2|Konami Bemani Python 2 arcade system]], which is built around a standard SCPH-50000MB PS2 console, also uses hard drives customized by Sony in the same way.  


For external hard drives (used with early SCPH-1X000 consoles), a special expandable vertical stand (SCPH-10220) was available separately, which allows the external hard drive to be placed vertically next to the vertical PS2 console.
For external hard drives (used with early SCPH-1X000 consoles), a special expandable vertical stand (SCPH-10220) was available separately, which allows the external hard drive to be placed vertically next to the vertical PS2 console.
Official PS2 software does not support 48-bit LBA, so drive size is generally limited to 128 GiB. In practice, this doesn't matter much, since the only drives supported by official software are the official drives sold by sony with their firmware customizations, which are all 40 GB in size.
Most homebrew software supports 48-bit LBA, so this isn't an issue here.
[[DVRP]] of the [[PSX]] will emulate the PS2's ATA interface for PS2-mode software (while PSX-mode software obviously natively uses the PSX's ATA interface, which supports 48-bit LBA, since the drives have a capacity of either 160 GB or 250 GB). For some reason, it also tries to emulate 48-bit LBA in PS2 mode and properly reports the full disk size, but fails any access beyond the 128 GiB limit in PS2 mode.


== Models ==
== Models ==
=== SCPH-20400 ===
=== SCPH-20400 ===
* Japan-only external hard drive for use with the PCMCIA type Network Adaptor (SCPH-10190) on SCPH-1X000 consoles.
* Japan-only external hard drive for use with the PCMCIA type Network Adaptor (SCPH-10190) on SCPH-1X000 consoles.
* Actually contains a drive with SCPH-20401 branding inside the external enclosure, the same drives that are used in the internal hard drive kit (see below for OEM model list)
* Requires an external power supply (SCPH-10200)
* Requires an external power supply (SCPH-10200)
* Capacity: 40 GB
* Capacity: 40 GB


=== SCPH-20401 ===
=== SCPH-20401 ===
* Internal hard drive for use with an expansion bay type Network Adaptor (SCPH-10250, SCPH-10281, SCPH-10350) on any console that has the expansion bay (SCPH-3XXXX or SCPH-5XXXX)
* Internal hard drive for use with an expansion bay type Network Adaptor (SCPH-1025, SCPH-10281, SCPH-10350) on any console that has the expansion bay (SCPH-3XXXX or SCPH-5XXXX)
* Comes with mounting brackets preinstalled (bracket type depends on height of the actual OEM drive)
* Comes with mounting brackets preinstalled (bracket type depends on height of the actual OEM drive)
* Power is provided by the console through the Network Adaptor
* Power is provided by the console through the Network Adaptor
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== OEM drives used ==
== OEM drives used ==
''This list might be incomplete; please add yours if it's not in the list.''<br/>
=== 40 GB (PS2, all rebranded to Sony) ===
''For PSX hard drives, see [[PSX#Hard_Drive|PSX Hard drives]]''<br/>
 
All official PS2 hard drives are 40 GB 3.5 inch IDE/P-ATA drives. They are all rebranded to Sony SCPH-20401, including those used in the SCPH-20400 external hard drive assembly for early PS2 consoles with PCMCIA slot. In the reported HDD ID however, the SCPH-20401-branded drives taken from an SCPH-20400 case report SCPH-20400 as part of their ID.
 
* IBM "DeskStar" DTLA-305040 (standard height bracket)
* IBM "DeskStar" DTLA-305040 (standard height bracket)
* Maxtor "DiamondMax D540X-4D" 4D040H2 (standard height bracket)
* Maxtor "DiamondMax D540X" 4D040H2 (standard height bracket)
* Maxtor "Fireball 3" 2F040L0 (low profile bracket)
* Maxtor "Fireball 3" 2F040L0 (low profile bracket)
* Seagate "U Series 5" ST340823A (standard height bracket)
* Seagate "U Series 5" ST340823A (standard height bracket)
* Seagate "Barracuda 5400.1" ST340015A (low profile bracket)
* Seagate "Barracuda 5400.1" ST340015A (low profile bracket)


== Sony custom ATA commands ==
=== 160 GB (PSX) ===
The firmware of official PS2/PSX hard drives implements the following non-standard/vendor-specific ATA commands:
<pre>
enum ATA_C_CODES {
//left out standard commands
ATA_C_SCE_SECURITY_CONTROL = 0x8e,
};
 
enum ATA_SCE_SECURITY_CODES {
ATA_SCE_IDENTIFY_DRIVE = 0xec,
 
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_SET_PASSWORD = 0xf1,
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_UNLOCK = 0xf2,
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_ERASE_PREPARE = 0xf3,
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_ERASE_UNIT = 0xf4,
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_FREEZE_LOCK = 0xf5,
 
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_READ_ID = 0x20,
ATA_SCE_SECURITY_WRITE_ID = 0x30,
};</pre>
''Source: [https://github.com/ps2dev/ps2sdk/blob/master/common/include/atahw.h ps2sdk/common/include/atahw.h]''


== Security and authentication ==
=== 250 GB (PSX) ===
Every original PS2, PSX and Python 2 drive has a special sector containing security information which can be requested using the custom ATA_SCE_IDENTIFY_DRIVE command (0xEC).
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Start'''
! '''End'''
! '''Length'''
! '''Description'''
|-
| 0x00
| 0x1F
| 0x20
| ASCII string: "Sony Computer Entertainment Inc."
|-
| 0x20
| 0x2F
| 0x10
| ASCII string of the drive's model number (or the console's model number in case of the PSX and some or all units from the "BB pack" bundle, or the model number of a HDD kit, e.g. SCPH-10210)
|-
| 0x30
| 0x33
| 0x04
| ASCII string containing the drive's capacity in GB. De facto "40" on all PS2 drives and "120" on all PSX drives, despite the latter being larger than that. (There is at least one HDD from a Python 2 unit with "120" at this adress)
|-
| 0x34
| 0x3F
| 0x0C
| Probably padding. 0x00
|-
| 0x40
| 0x43
| 0x04
| Sony serial number of the drive as 32-bit integer.
|-
| 0x44
| 0x45
| 0x02
| Probably padding. 0x00
|-
| 0x46
| 0x49
| 0x04
| Unknown.
|-
| 0x4A
| 0x4B
| 0x02
| Probably padding. 0x00
|-
| 0x4C
| 0x4F
| 0x04
| Currently unknown. Always 0x01031101 on retail drives/systems? Always 0x00031101 on DEX drives/systems?
|-
| 0x50
| 0x7F
| 0x30
| Related to DNAS and encryption; details currently not (publicly) known.
|}


== Bundles including the hard drive ==
== Bundles including the hard drive ==
=== Japan ===
=== Japan ===
==== Hdd, external (SCPH-10210) ====
==== Hdd, external (SCPH-10210) ====
* Japan-only bundle meant for use on SCPH-1X000 consoles which have a PCMCIA/PC-Card slot instead of the expansion bay. Contains:
* Japan-only bundle meant for use on SCPH-1X000 consoles. Contains:
** PCMCIA Network Adaptor (SCPH-10190)
** PCMCIA Network Adaptor (SCPH-10190)
** External hard drive 40 GB (SCPH-20400)
** External hard drive 40 GB (SCPH-20400)
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