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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
The drive is known as MD-block in internal Sony documentation, where MD stands for "Mechanism Deck". For the optical pickup ("Laser"), see [[Pickups]].
The drive is known as MD-block in internal Sony documentation.


== Electronics ==
== Electronics ==
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Early consoles (A, A+, AB, B, B', C, C' chassis) have separate boards with some of the disc drive electronics:
Early consoles (A, A+, AB, B, B', C, C' chassis) have separate boards with some of the disc drive electronics:
* GM-038 (early A-chassis) (SCPH-10000, early SCPH-15000, DTL-T10000)<br/> [[File:O2kHeUP.jpg|200px]]
* GM-038 (A-chassis) <imgur w=240>obJYJOG.jpeg</imgur>
** Contains RF-amp (Sony CXA2605R)
** Contains RF-amp (CXA2605R)
** requires heatsinking for RF-amp
* GM-041 (B-chassis, B'-chassis)
* GM-041 (B-chassis, B'-chassis) <br/> [[File:ijlZhMf.jpg|200px]]
** Contains RF-amp (SP3727A) and tilt-driver (BA5912AFP)
** Contains RF-amp (TI SP3727A) and tilt-driver (BA5912AFP)
* TODO: Board of AB chassis
** does not require any heatsinking
** Contains RF-amp (TODO: which RF-amp?)
* GM-042 (late A-chassis, A+ chassis) (late SCPH-15000, GH-003 based SCPH-18000)<br/> [[File:ayV4TIz.jpg|200px]]
* GM-043 (C-chassis, C'-chassis)
** Contains RF-amp (TI SP3727A)
** Contains RF-amp (SP3727A), spindle driver (BA6664FM) and focus/tracking/sled-motor/tray-motor driver (BA5810FP)
** does not require any heatsinking, unlike GM-038 used in the same chassis; a hole in the case to place a thermal pad in is still there in these consoles, but the thermal pad has been left out from the factory
* GM-043 (C-chassis, C'-chassis) <br/> [[File:cRFTRP8.jpg|200px]]
** Contains RF-amp (TI SP3727A), spindle driver (BA6664FM) and focus/tracking/sled-motor/tray-motor driver (BA5810FP)
** requires heatsinking for BA6664FM and BA5810FP
* GM-045 (AB-chassis) (GH-008 based SCPH-18000)<br/> [[File:GM-045.jpg|200px]]
** Contains RF-amp (TI SP3727A)
** does not require any heatsinking


The [[PSX]] also has a dedicated board for drive electronics, which contains all drive components for the PSX/DVR-mode/burning part of the PSX's unique dual-pickup drive.  
The [[PSX]] also has a dedicated board for drive electronics, which contains all drive components for the PSX/DVR-mode/burning part of the PSX's unique dual-laser drive.  
Electronics for the PS2-part of the drive are however on the mainboard (spindle motor control and driving are always handled by the PSX/DVR part of the drive).
Electronics for the PS2-part of the drive are however on the mainboard (spindle motor control and driving are always handled by the PSX/DVR part of the drive).


* MA-S38 (DESR-x000, DESR-x100)
* MA-S38 (DESR-x000, DESR-x100)
** [[File:8GcBpTO.jpg|200px]][[File:tFQSjoP.jpg|200px]]
* MA-S43 (DESR-x500, DESR-x700)
* MA-S43 (DESR-x500, DESR-x700)
** [[File:SMelZmP.jpg|200px]][[File:bq7vfM1.jpg|200px]]


== Mechanics ==
== Mechanics ==


=== Fat drive assemblies ===
=== Fat drive assemblies ===
''Regulatory labels on the drive enclosure vary between regions''
* A/A+ chassis drive block
==== A/A+ chassis drive block ====
** The only drive block to use the KHS-400A pickup
''SCPH-10000 japanese launch consoles, SCPH-15000 consoles, some SCPH-18000 consoles, all japan only''<br/>
* B/B' chassis drive block
[[File:KnNqiXM.jpeg|200px]][[File:FHGfvMM.jpeg|200px]][[File:YXgnrZs.jpeg|200px]][[File:7CTF3pm.jpeg|200px]][[File:SLwBUGn.jpg|200px]][[File:vzMYOTs.jpg|200px]][[File:3ubGZSb.jpg|200px]]
** Uses a radial tilt control motor only found in this drive block; all other drive blocks have their radial tilt permanently set at the factory
* The only drive block to use the [[KHS-400A]] pickup, later units use [[KHS-400B]] (a picture of a drive inside a SCPH-18000 A+ chassis console using the KHS-400B pickup has been added above)
** Optical pickup changed to KHS-400B
* Later units have a slightly different drive board which contains a Texas Instruments SP3727A [[RF-Amp]] instead of the Sony CXA2605R RF-Amp that was used on early units
* C/C' chassis drive block
* In these pictures, the flat flex cable between the board and the laser unit has been replaced. The only difference to the original cable is the length of the blue flap, which is longer on the original cable on the side connected to the PCB
** Takes away the tilt motor introduced on the B/B' chassis drive block
==== B/B' chassis drive block ====
** Has both driver ICs on the drive board
''north american early/launch SCPH-30001 consoles, north america only''<br/>
* AB chassis drive block
[[File:1IbnPhB.jpg|200px]][[File:Nb6CAWI.jpg|200px]][[File:Uhd08l5.jpg|200px]][[File:KCqhhZE.jpg|200px]][[File:Nixc2WV.jpg|200px]][[File:db77gPh.jpg|200px]][[File:EJf4jLE.jpg|200px]]
** Basically a C/C' chassis drive block with a different drive board that only contains the RF-amp but not the driver ICs, since these are located on the motherboard
* Uses a radial tilt control motor only found in this drive block; all other drive blocks have their radial tilt mechanically set at the factory
* D/D' chassis drive block
* Optical pickup is always [[KHS-400B]]
** all drive electronics moved to the motherboard, no dedicated drive board
* F/G chassis drive block
** Optical pickup changed to KHS-400C, KHS-400R or SF-HD7
* H/I chassis drive block
** Mechanical changes:  
*** Tilt of the two rods that the optical pickup slides on can be adjusted individually
*** Slide arm of the optical pickup now made of a metal spring instead of plastic
* J chassis drive block
** Very different drive:
*** Uses Mitsumi TDP062W drive mechanism based around the Mitsumi PVR-702W laser


==== C/C' chassis drive block ====
=== Slim drive assemblies (work in progress) ===
''later north american SCPH-30001 consoles, SCPH-30004 PAL launch consoles, SCPH-300xx consoles in many regions''<br/>
[[File:Gov1HNg.jpg|200px]][[File:5kfnZit.jpg|200px]][[File:gLVqrNi.jpg|200px]][[File:Kncxtr7.jpg|200px]][[File:iEjTkZ5.jpg|200px]][[File:FVtodEz.jpg|200px]][[File:BJfmUzT.jpg|200px]]
* Takes away the tilt motor introduced on the B/B' chassis drive block
* Has both driver ICs on the drive board
* Has an aluminium plate mounted as heatsink between the drive board and drive frame which thermally connects to the back of the PCB through a thermal pad, however, the ICs are also directly cooled from the other side through a thermal pad connecting them to the expansion bay frame
==== AB chassis drive block ====
''some SCPH-18000 consoles, japan-only''<br/>
[[File:AB drive top.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive tray.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive inside.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive bottom.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive mech pickup.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive mech top.jpg|200px]][[File:AB drive mech bottom.jpg|200px]]
* Basically a C/C' chassis drive block with a different drive board that only contains the RF-amp but not the driver ICs, since these are located on the motherboard, and no heatsink. Also some slight mechanical differences in the plastic casing.
 
==== D/D' chassis drive block ====
''later SCPH-300xx consoles in any region, early SCPH-300xxR consoles in many regions, SCPH-350xx special editions in some regions''<br/>
[[File:D-chassis drive 1.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 2.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 3.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 4.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 5.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 6.jpg|240px|frameless]][[File:D-chassis drive block 7.jpg|240px|frameless]]
* all drive electronics moved to the motherboard, no dedicated drive board anymore
 
==== F/G chassis drive block ====
''late japanese SCPH-30000 consoles, late SCPH-300xxR consoles in many regions, japanese SCPH-37000 special editions, SCPH-390xx consoles in many regions''<br/>
[[File:P8NcLeB.jpg|200px]][[File:dqJrJCi.jpg|200px]][[File:UuwuNLx.jpg|200px]][[File:Q4KeBcc.jpg|200px]][[File:9c1lpJW.jpg|200px]][[File:kfsO92o.jpg|200px]][[File:UnMQzul.jpg|200px]]
* Optical pickup changed to [[KHS-400C]] or [[SF-HD7]]
** Pictures show the variant that uses the Sony KHS-400C pickup. Variants using the Sanyo SF-HD7 pickup are identical aside of the pickup itself; the pickups are interchangeable (different calibration data for Mechacon required, use LensChanger or PMAP)
==== H/I chassis drive block ====
''SCPH-500xx consoles in any region, SCPH-550xx special editions in some regions''<br/>
[[File:un3LrqS.jpg|200px]][[File:N13dm9Y.jpg|200px]][[File:J5g8RtO.jpg|200px]][[File:FLt0xfo.jpg|200px]][[File:y0SF82K.jpg|200px]][[File:2EeoJVp.jpg|200px]][[File:4sSITOE.jpg|200px]]
* Pictures show the variant that uses the Sanyo [[SF-HD7]] pickup. Variants using the Sony [[KHS-400C]] pickup are identical aside of the pickup itself; the pickups are interchangeable (different calibration data for Mechacon required, use LensChanger or PMAP)
* Some markings on the mechanism have been made by the owner during alignment; they are not from the factory
* Button assembly now mounted on the drive assembly
* Mechanical changes:
** Tilt of the two rods that the optical pickup slides on can be adjusted individually
** Slide arm of the optical pickup now made of a metal spring instead of plastic
==== J chassis drive block ====
''late SCPH-5xxxx consoles in some regions''<br/>
[[File:irvUNi2.jpg|200px]][[File:J5KaXJn.jpg|200px]][[File:uIrCwhc.jpg|200px]]
* Very different drive:
** Uses Mitsumi TDP062W drive mechanism based around the Mitsumi [[PVR-702W]] pickup
 
=== Slim drive assemblies ===
* Some of the slim drives exist with different cable lengths for different chassis. K-chassis and L-chassis use same cable length between each other, as do P-chassis and R-chassis between each other. M-chassis and N-chassis both use different cable lenghts. This makes a total of 4 slim PS2 drive "types" regarding cable length.
* Some of the slim drives exist with different cable lengths for different chassis. K-chassis and L-chassis use same cable length between each other, as do P-chassis and R-chassis between each other. M-chassis and N-chassis both use different cable lenghts. This makes a total of 4 slim PS2 drive "types" regarding cable length.


==== Sony assemblies ====
* KHM-430AAA (with K-chassis/L-chassis compatible cable length)
''The Sony assemblies are identical to and fully compatible with their Mitsumi-counterparts from the same chassis. The only difference is the branding.''
* KHM-430AAA
** K-chassis, L-chassis
** K-chassis, L-chassis
** [[PVR-802W|KHM-430(A)]] pickup ''(has only "KHM-430" embossed in it's base)
** KHM-430 pickup


* KHM-430BAA
* KHM-430BAA (with M-chassis compatible cable length)
** M-chassis
** M-chassis
** [[PVR-802W|KHM-430B]] pickup
** KHM-430C pickup
[[File:KHM-430BAA top.jpg|240px|frameless]] [[File:KHM-430BAA bottom.jpg|240px|frameless]]
 
* KHM-430CAA
** N-chassis, P-chassis, R-chassis
** [[PVR-802W|KHM-430C]] pickup
[[File:KHM430CAA top.jpg|240px|frameless]] [[File:KHM430CAA bottom.jpg|240px|frameless]]
 
==== Mitsumi assemblies ====
''The Mitsumi assemblies are identical to and fully compatible with their Sony-counterparts from the same chassis. The only difference is the branding. Not found in R-chassis consoles.''
* TDP082W
** K-chassis, L-chassis
** [[PVR-802W]] pickup
[[File:TDP082W top.jpg|240px|frameless]] [[File:TDP082W bottom.jpg|240px|frameless]]


* TDP182W (with M-chassis compatible cable length)
* TDP182W (with M-chassis compatible cable length)
** M-chassis
** M-chassis
** [[PVR-802W]] pickup
** PVR-802W pickup


* TDP182W (with N-chassis compatible cable length)
* TDP182W (with N-chassis compatible cable length)
** N-chassis
** N-chassis
** [[PVR-802W]] pickup
** PVR-802W pickup


* TDP182W (with P-chassis compatible cable length)
* KHM-430CAA (with P-chassis/R-chassis compatible cable length)
** P-chassis
** P-chassis, R-chassis
** [[PVR-802W]] pickup
** KHM-430C pickup
 
==== Sankyo/Philips assemblies ====
''The Sankyo assembly is incompatible with the Sony/Mitsumi assemblies. It requires different top shells for the case and different [[MechaCon]] calibration data. Only found in K and L-chassis consoles.''<br/>''While Sankyo is confirmed as the manufacturer of the whole assembly, the actual laser pickup might be manufacturerd by '''Philips''', as SPU3170 would be consistent with their naming scheme for pickups and Sankyo was never known to produce pickups, since their expertise lies within electromechanical systems.''
* [[SPU3170]]
** K-chassis, L-chassis
** This is likely the name of just the optical pickup, not the whole assembly
[[File:SPU3170 top.jpg|240px|frameless|top side of the spu3170 drive assembly used in some k and l-chassis slim ps2 consoles.]] [[File:SPU3170 bottom.jpg|240px|frameless|bottom side of the spu3170 drive assembly used in some k and l-chassis slim ps2 consoles.]]


=== PSX drive assemblies ===
=== PSX drive assemblies ===
The PS2-part of the drive is based on the H/I chassis (SCPH-50000/55000) PS2 drive, both electrically and mechanically. The whole drive assembly is connected to the motherboard using 3 flat flex cables: One is an IDE connection to the dedicated drive board of the PSX-part, one provides power (5V, 12V, GND) and also connects the PS2-part sled motor to the motherboard (since it is controlled by the motherboard directly), and one connects the KHS-400C PS2-part pickup to the motherboard, since it is also directly controlled by the motherboard. The spindle motor is always controlled by the dedicated PSX-part drive electronics over IDE, even in PS2 mode.
The PS2-part of the drive is based on the H/I chassis SCPH-5XXXX fat PS2 drive, both electrically and mechanically. The whole drive assembly is connected to the motherboard using 3 flat flex cables: One is an IDE connection to the dedicated drive board of the PSX-part, one provides power (5V, 12V, GND) and also connects the PS2-part sled motor to the motherboard (since it is controlled by the motherboard directly), and one connects the KHS-400C PS2-part pickup to the motherboard, since it is also directly controlled by the motherboard. The spindle motor is always controlled by the dedicated PSX-part drive electronics over IDE, even in PS2 mode.


* DESR-x000 and DESR-x100 drive
* DESR-x000 and DESR-x100 drive
** Uses Sony [[KWS-200A]] optical pickup (in addition to a [[KHS-400C]])
** Uses Sony KWS-200A optical pickup
[[File:8UIuNSN.jpg|200px]]
<imgur w=240>8UIuNSN.jpg</imgur>


* DESR-x500 and DESR-x700 drive
* DESR-x500 and DESR-x700 drive
** Uses Sanyo [[SF-DB11]] optical pickup (in addition to a [[KHS-400C]])
** Uses Sanyo SF-DB11 optical pickup
[[File:XkMxA6G.jpg|200px]]
<imgur w=240>XkMxA6G.jpg</imgur>
 
== Optical pickup ==
=== Notes ===
* KHS-400R seems to be a rebadged Sanyo SF-HD7 with a different plastic cap to remove the "HD7" labelling present on the SF-HD7; they are completely drop-in interchangeable
* KHS-400B and KHS-400C are electrically compatible, but differ in thickness of their bases, making them mechanically incompatible (putting a KHS-400C in place of a KHS-400B will seem to work at first, but the flex cable will bend heavily once the pickup reaches the outer area while moving)
* KHS-400C and KHS-400R / SF-HD7 are mechanically fully compatible, but require different calibration data for [[MechaCon]]
* There are 2 different lens assemblies for KHS-400B, which require different calibration data for MechaCon: T487 (white ring around lens) and T609K (yellow ring around lens). T609K seemingly was introduced with the D/D'-chassis. Some early T609K have a white ring around the lens. These pickups have a violet marking at the adjustment screw. (Markings in other colors don't indicate any lens assembly variant, only violet does)
* KHS-400B (with T487 lens assembly) can fully drop-in replace KHS-400A, but not vice versa (mechanical reasons: KHS-400A in a drive meant for KHS-400B can't press the home-position switch near the spindle). KHS-400B with T609K lens assembly can also be used, but requires different calibration data for MechaCon.
* PSX consoles always have 2 pickups: One KHS-400C (for PS2 games only) and KWS-200A (XPD-001 motherboard) or SF-DB11 (XPD-005 motherboard). Every disc will first be detected by the KWS-200A / SF-DB11, so if this pickup is broken, the console also won't read PS2 games, since the KHS-400C only becomes active once a PS2 game has been detected
* The drive mechanisms of earlier and later PSX consoles are completely different from each other (except the KHS-400C), so you can't replace a KWS-200A with a SF-DB11 or vice versa
* PVR-802W and KHM-430 seem to be mostly identical; KHM-430 is probably a rebadged PVR-802W, as it is with KHS-400R / SF-HD7
 
=== Pickup types ===
 
==== Sony ====
* KHS-400A (A-chassis, A+-chassis) <imgur w=240>SLwBUGn.jpg</imgur> <imgur w=240>vzMYOTs.jpg</imgur>
* KHS-400B (AB-chassis, B/B'-chassis, C/C'-chassis, D/D'-chassis)
** with T487 lens assembly
** with T609K lens assembly
* KHS-400C (F-chassis, G-chassis, H-chassis, I-chassis, PS2-mode laser in all PSX consoles)
* KHS-400R (F-chassis, G-chassis, H-chassis, I-chassis)
* KWS-200A (DVR/DVD-burning laser in earlier PSX consoles)
* KHM-430 (some slim consoles)
* KHM-430C (some slim consoles)
 
==== Sanyo ====
* SF-HD7  (F-chassis, G-chassis, H-chassis, I-chassis)
* SF-DB11 (DVR/DVD-burning laser in later PSX consoles)
* Oddly enough, the I-chassis service manual also mentions Sanyo SF-HD8, SF-HD9 and SF-HD10, which seem to be very different from SF-HD7 in construction. Never seen in any consumer PS2 console.
 
==== Mitsumi ====
* PVR-702W (J-chassis)
* PVR-802W [https://archive.org/details/pvr-802-w-datasheet  (download datasheet)] (some slim consoles)


==== Sankyo ====
* SPU-3170 (some slim consoles)


<references />
==== Third party replacements/clones ====
* KHS-400H / PS-400H (replaces KHS-400R / SF-HD7)
* KHS-400Q / PS-400Q (replaces KHS-400C)
* KHS-400W (replaces KHS-400C)
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